Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care

Korean Society for Hospice and Palliative Care (한국호스피스완화의료학회)
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Breakthrough Cancer Pain

돌발성 암성 통증

  • Seo, Min Seok (Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital) ;
  • Shim, Jae Yong (Yonsei University Graduate School of Medicine)
  • 서민석 (연세대학교 의과대학 강남세브란스병원 가정의학과) ;
  • 심재용 (연세대학교 대학원 의학과)
  • Received : 2015.01.08
  • Accepted : 2015.02.09
  • Published : 2015.03.01
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Abstract

Breakthrough cancer pain is a transient exacerbation of pain that occurs despite relatively well controlled background pain with around-the-clock analgesia. It is highly prevalent in patients with cancer pain, with an overall prevalence of 70~90%. Breakthrough cancer pain has several negative effects on quality of life, including a decrease in functional status and social relationship, and higher incidence of anxiety/depression. It also places a detrimental burden on their families, society, and the healthcare system. According to the pathogenic mechanism, breakthrough cancer pain is classified into two categories: idiopathic (or spontaneous) pain and incident pain. Episodes of breakthrough cancer pain have typical characteristics, including rapid onset (5~10 min), severe intensity, and short duration (30~60 min). However, there are some variations in timing and severity of pain among patients and episodes. Therefore, a thorough assessment of pain episodes is needed and management plan must be individualized to provide optimal treatment. Several immediate-release formulations such as oxycodone, morphine, and hydromorphone are widely used despite relatively slow onset of action. Recent studies have shown that transmucosal fentanyl preparations were effective for faster control of breakthrough pain. We hope to improve management of breakthrough cancer pain with more efficient analgesics in line with currently available evidence.

돌발성 암성 통증은 상대적으로 기저 통증이 규칙적인 진통제 사용으로 잘 조절됨에도 발생하는 일시적인 통증의 악화이다. 돌발성 통증은 암성 통증을 가진 환자에게서 매우 흔하여, 전체적으로 70~90%의 유병률을 보인다. 이는 삶의 질에 부정적인 영향을 끼치는데, 일상 생활 능력의 감소나, 사회적인 관계성 저하를 비롯하여 우울과 불안의 유병률이 높아진다. 게다가 가족과 사회, 건강 보험 재정에도 큰 부담을 준다. 돌발성 통증은 병태학적 기전에 따라 특발성(또는 자발성) 통증과 사건 통증으로 나눌 수가 있다. 각각의 돌발성 통증 삽화는 전형적인 특징을 보이는데 5~10분 이내에 통증이 최대가 되며, 심한 통증 강도, 30-60분 이내에 소실되는 짧은 지속시간 등이 있다. 그러나 지속시간과 통증의 강도에는 환자마다, 같은 환자라도 다소 차이가 있을 수 있다. 그러므로 매 통증마다 철저한 평가가 필요하고, 치료 계획은 최적의 치료를 위해 개별화가 되야 한다. 옥시코돈, 모르핀, 하이드로모르폰과 같은 여러 속효성 경구 제제들이 상대적으로 느린 진통 효과에도 불구하고 널리 사용되어 왔다. 점막 흡수형 펜타닐 제제는 경구 마약성 진통제의 이런 한계를 극복하기 위해 개발되었다. 여러 연구에서도 점막 흡수형 펜타닐 제제가 돌발성 통증 조절에 좀 더 빠른 효과를 보이는 것으로 보고하고 있다. 저자들은 각각의 환자와 통증삽화에 따른 좀 더 효율적인 진통제를 사용함으로 돌발성 통증 조절이 개선되기를 기대한다. 그리고 한국인들을 대상으로 각각의 마약성 진통제의 효과와 비용 대비 효율성을 평가하는 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

Keywords

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