Food Science and Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회)
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Antioxidant activities of chlorella extracts and physicochemical characteristics of spray-dried chlorella powders

클로렐라 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 분무건조 분말의 물리화학적 특성

  • Lee, Dae-Hoon (Department of Food Science and Technology, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Hong, Joo-Heon (Department of Food Science and Technology, Catholic University of Daegu)
  • 이대훈 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품공학전공) ;
  • 홍주헌 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품공학전공)
  • Received : 2015.07.15
  • Accepted : 2015.08.18
  • Published : 2015.08.30
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Abstract

In this study, extracts of chlorella using different extraction methods were compared for antioxidant activities and spray-dried chlorella powders were investigated for their physicochemical characteristics. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and superoxide radical scavenging activity of 50% ethanol extract were 29.19%, and 48.91%, respectively. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of the 50% ethanol extract ($150.44{\mu}M/g$) was higher than those of other extracts. The total chlorophyll content of the 50% ethanol extract (542.89 mg/100 g) was higher than those of other extracts. The microencapsulation of the 50% ethanol extract was manufactured by spray-drying with 10 % maltodextrin (SD-C10), 20% maltodextrin (SD-C20), and 30% maltodextrin (SD-C30). The particle size of the freeze-dried powder ($454.47{\mu}m$) was higher than those of the spray-dried powders ($24.15{\sim}32.49{\mu}m$). Scanning electron microscope images showed that the spray-dried chlorella powders using SD-C10, SD-C20, and SD-C30 had an uniform particle distribution. The water absorption index and water solubility index (WSI) of powders were 0.31~0.45, and 96.96~98.28%, respectively. The spray-dried powders showed the stability in total chlorophyll content for 40 days storage. Based on these results, spray-dried chlorella powders could be used in various types of food processes.

본 연구에서는 다양한 생리활성을 가지고 있는 클로렐라의 기능성식품소재로의 산업적 이용 증대를 위해 추출조건에 따른 항산화 활성 및 총 엽록소 함량을 조사하였고 엽록소의 안정성 향상을 위해 분무건조 분말을 제조하여 물리화학적 특성을 확인하였다. 추출조건에 따른 DPPH 및 superoxide radicle 소거활성은 50% 에탄올 추출물에서 각각 29.19% 및 48.91%로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, ORAC은 50% 에탄올 추출물에서 g당 $150.44{\mu}M$로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 총 엽록소 함량은 50% 에탄올 추출물에서 100 g당 542.89 mg으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 입자크기는 분무건조 분말에서 $24.15{\sim}32.49{\mu}m$로 동결건조 분말의 $454.47{\mu}m$ 보다 작았으며, 표면구조는 전반적으로 구형을 나타내었으나, 말토덱스트린이 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 표면 굴곡이 증가함을 확인하였다. 수분흡수지수는 분무건조 분말에서 0.31~0.45로 동결건조 분말 0.85에 비해 낮은 흡수지수를 나타내었으며, 수분용해지수는 분무건조 분말에서 96.96~98.28%로 동결건조 분말의 80.03%보다 높게 나타났다. 분무건조 분말의 저장 안정성은 총 엽록소 함량의 감소율로 확인하였는데, 15.67~20.31% 감소하여 동결건조 분말보다 우수하였다. 따라서 클로렐라 추출물 제조에 50% 에탄올을 용매로 사용하였을 때, 항산화 활성 및 엽록소 함량이 우수하였으며 클로렐라 추출물에 말토덱스트린을 첨가한 분무건조 분말에서 엽록소의 안정성이 증가하였다. 특히 총 엽록소 함량 및 가공비용 등을 고려하였을 때 말토덱스트린 10% 첨가량이 산업적으로 적용가능하다 판단된다.

Keywords

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