Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education (한국과학교육학회지)

The Korean Association for Science Education (한국과학교육학회)
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International Comparative Study of the Use of ICT by Middle School Teachers

중학교 과학 교사의 ICT 활용 실태 국제 비교

  • Received : 2015.09.30
  • Accepted : 2015.10.26
  • Published : 2015.10.31
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Abstract

In this study, we compared the use of information and communications technology (ICT) by middle school teachers in Korea and other countries utilizing the teacher survey data of the IEA International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS) 2013. The ICILS target population consisted of all students in the eighth grade. We compared Korea with Australia, the Czech Republic, Norway, and Poland, which are nations showing the highest achievements in computer and information literacy. We selected nine questions from the teacher questionnaire and divided them into the categories of computer use, use of ICT for teaching and learning, and the ICT support environment in school. In comparison to their counterparts in other countries, Korean middle school science teachers used computers frequently and also had high ICT self-efficacy. They were confident in their ability to use computers for general tasks, but not in their ability to use computers for teaching and learning. The Korean teachers also had a high percentage of utilization of presentation and graphics software. Also, the proportion of activities concerning the information provided and teacher-led tasks was high, but the proportion of activities for student collaboration or peer interaction was low. In Korea, middle school science teachers had more negative than positive views of using ICT in teaching and learning. The teachers thought that computer-related resource support and digital learning materials were insufficient and that the computer model was outdated in schools. Therefore, we propose to build an ICT infrastructure and to develop and disseminate ICT teaching and learning methods for student activities.

본 연구에서는 국제 교육성취도 평가협회가 시행한 ICILS 2013의 교사 설문 자료를 활용하여 우리나라 중학교 과학 교사의 ICT 활용 실태를 다른 나라와 비교하였다. ICILS 2013은 중학교 2학년을 대상으로 하고 있으며, 18개 참여국 중 컴퓨터 정보 소양 점수가 높은 호주, 체코, 노르웨이, 폴란드와 우리나라 과학 교사들의 ICT 활용 실태를 비교하였다. 본 연구에서는 ICILS 2013의 교사 설문지 중에서 과학 교사의 ICT 활용 실태를 분석할 수 있는 9문항을 선택하였는데, 문항들은 교사의 컴퓨터 이용 실태, 수업에서 ICT 활용 현황, 학교의 ICT 활용 지원 환경의 범주로 나누어 분석되었다. 우리나라 중학교 과학 교사의 컴퓨터 사용 실태를 보면, 컴퓨터를 비교적 많이 사용하며 컴퓨터에 대한 자아효능감도 다른 나라에 비해 높은 편이었다. 그러나 일반적인 컴퓨터 활용은 잘한다고 응답한 비율이 높지만 교수학습과 관련된 컴퓨터 활용에서는 낮은 자신감을 나타내었다. 수업에서 활용에서도 비교적 다양한 응용프로그램을 사용하지만 프레젠테이션이나 그래픽 소프트웨어에 대한 활용의 비중이 높은 편이고 학습활동이나 교수활동에서도 교사주도의 정보 제공이나 과제 제시에 대한 활동의 비중은 높지만 협업이나 상호작용이 많은 활동에서는 낮은 응답을 나타내었다. 또한 우리나라 과학 교사들은 ICT 활용하는 것에 대해서 긍정적인 관점보다는 부정적인 관점을 많이 가지고 있었다. 학교에서 컴퓨터 관련 자원을 지원하는 정도는 지원이 부족하다고 응답하는 경우가 많았으며 조사 항목 대부분에서 호주나 체코에 비해 지원 정도가 낮다고 응답하였다. 또한 충분한 ICT 기기나 컴퓨터가 구식 모델이고 디지털 학습 자료가 부족하다고 응답하였다. 여기서 드러나 문제점을 개선하기 위해서는 ICT 교육 인프라에 대한 지속적인 지원과 더불어 학생활동 중심의 ICT 교수학습 방법에 대한 개발과 보급이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

References

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  2. 과학과 미디어 기반 학습 관련 문헌 연구 vol.37, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.14697/jkase.2017.37.3.417