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Experiments of Individual Tree and Crown Width Extraction by Band Combination Using Monthly Drone Images

월별 드론 영상을 이용한 밴드 조합에 따른 수목 개체 및 수관폭 추출 실험

  • Lim, Ye Seul (Department of Smart ICT Convergence, Konkuk University) ;
  • Eo, Yang Dam (Division of Interdisciplinary Studies, Konkuk University) ;
  • Jeon, Min Cheol (Department of Advanced Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Lee, Mi Hee (Department of Advanced Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Pyeon, Mu Wook (Department of Civil Engineering, Konkuk University)
  • 임예슬 (건국대학교 스마트ICT융합학과) ;
  • 어양담 (건국대학교 융합인재학부) ;
  • 전민철 (건국대학교 신기술융합학과) ;
  • 이미희 (건국대학교 신기술융합학과) ;
  • 편무욱 (건국대학교 인프라시스템공학과)
  • Received : 2016.11.15
  • Accepted : 2016.12.06
  • Published : 2016.12.31

Abstract

Drone images with high spatial resolution are emerging as an alternative to previous studies with extraction limits in high density forests. Individual tree in the dense forests were extracted from drone images. To detect the individual tree extracted through the image segmentation process, the image segmentation results were compared between the combination of DSM and all R,G,B band and the combination of DSM and R,G,B band separately. The changes in the tree density of a deciduous forest was experimented by time and image. Especially the image of May when the forests are dense, among the images of March, April, May, the individual tree extraction rate based on the trees surveyed on the site was 50%. The analysis results of the width of crown showed that the RMSE was less than 1.5m, which was the best result. For extraction of the experimental area, the two sizes of medium and small trees were extracted, and the extraction accuracy of the small trees was higher. The forest tree volume and forest biomass could be estimated if the tree height is extracted based on the above data and the DBH(diameter at breast height) is estimated using the relational expression between crown width and DBH.

공간해상도가 높은 드론 영상은 수목 밀도가 높은 지역에서 추출 한계를 갖는 기존 연구의 대안으로 떠오르고 있다. 본 연구에서는 드론 영상으로부터 수목이 우거진 산림 지역 내 수목 개체를 추출하였다. 영상 분할 과정을 거쳐서 추출되는 수목 개체 인식을 위해, DSM(digital surface model), 그리고 R, G, B 밴드 모두를 조합한 경우와 각각을 분리 조합한 경우의 영상 분할 결과를 비교하였다. 또한, 낙엽수림의 수목 우거짐의 변화를 시기별 영상별로 실험하였다. 3, 4, 5월 영상 중 숲이 울창한 5월의 경우 현지 측량한 나무를 기준으로 한 수목 개체 추출율은 50%로 나타났고, 수관폭 정확도 분석 결과 RMSE(root mean square error)가 1.5미터 이하로 가장 좋은 결과를 보였다. 실험지역의 추출은 중간 나무, 작은 나무 2가지 크기로 추출하였으며 작은 크기의 나무가 추출 정확도가 더 높았다. 이를 바탕으로 수고 추출을 하고, 수관폭과 흉고직경간의 관계식을 이용하여 흉고직경을 추정한다면, 임목재적 추정 및 산림바이오매스 추정까지 가능할 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

References

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