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Factors Influencing the Death Anxiety of the Elderly Living Alone

독거노인의 죽음불안 영향요인

  • Received : 2016.02.19
  • Accepted : 2016.03.03
  • Published : 2016.03.31
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to identity the death anxiety of elderly people living alone, and the factors that affect their death anxiety. The subjects did not have an impaired cognitive function, and were from one Chungcheongnamdo 2 district in the elderly University. The subjects were 187 elderly people over the age of 65 living alone in the district. The character, communication, and data was collected from February, 2014 to 2 May, 2015 and analyzed using the SPSS 18 program. The death anxiety whole point of elderly people living alone was 2.94 (${\pm}0.32$); it was 3.06 (${\pm}0.32$) points according to the sub-region 'death process anxiety', 2.88 (${\pm}0.51$) points according to 'after-death anxiety', and 2.75 (${\pm}0.43$) points according to 'presence loss anxiety'. The factors affecting the death anxiety were economic status, depression, and spiritual wellbeing. Economic status (${\beta}=-.36$, p= .000) had the largest effect with an overall explanatory power of 20.3%. Therefore, for the death anxiety of elderly people living alone, life needs to be strengthened through social security systems with intervention programs to improve the quality of depression and spiritual wellbeing.

본 연구의 목적은 독거노인의 인구사회학적 특성과 우울, 영적안녕, 삶의 질이 죽음불안에 미치는 영향을 탐색하여 다양한 간호중재 프로그램 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하는 것이다. 연구대상은 편의표출한 충청남도 소재 2개 군 지역에 거주하는 65세 이상의 독거노인 중 노인대학에 등록된 자로 인지기능에 장애가 없고, 의사소통이 가능한 187명이며, 자료수집기간은 2014년 2월부터 2015년 2월까지로 SPSS 18 프로그램을 이용하여 자료분석을 실시하였다. 독거노인의 전체죽음불안은 2.94(${\pm}0.32$)점이었고, 하위영역별로 죽음과정의 불안 3.06(${\pm}0.32$)점, 사후죽음의 불안 2.88(${\pm}0.51$)점, 존재상실의 불안 2.75(${\pm}0.43$)점 순으로 나타났다. 독거노인의 특성에 따른 전체 죽음불안수준은 여성노인이 남성보다(t=125.39, p=.001), 나이가 적을수록(F=1.16, p=.003), 경제수준이 낮을수록(F=3.36, p=.000), 가족관계가 좋을수록(F=0.43, p=0.34), 종교가 있는 경우(t=125.39, p=.000)에 죽음불안이 높았다. 죽음불안은 우울할수록(r=.192, p=.009), 영적안녕이 낮을수록(r=-.234, p=.002) 삶의 질이 낮을수록(r=-.190, p=.009) 높았으며, 죽음불안에 영향을 미치는 요인은 경제상태, 우울, 영적안녕으로 경제상태(${\beta}=-.36$, p=.000)가 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 전체 설명력은 20.3%이다. 따라서 독거노인의 죽음불안 감소를 위해 우울, 영적안녕, 삶의 질 개선을 위한 중재프로그램과 더불어 사회보장체계가 강화되어야 할 필요가 있다.

Keywords

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