Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Effects of the difference between actual body condition and body image perception on nutrient intake, weight control and mental health in Korean adults: Based on the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

한국 성인의 체질량 지수에 따른 비만도와 주관적 체형인식 간의 차이가 영양소 섭취와 체중조절 및 정신건강에 미치는 영향 : 제 5기 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여

  • Seo, Jihyun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Ma, Hyesun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Kim, Sunghee (Department of Clinical Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Kim, Jiyoung (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Shin, Minseo (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Yang, Yoon Jung (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University)
  • 서지현 (동덕여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 마혜선 (동덕여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김성희 (동덕여자대학교 임상영양학과) ;
  • 김지영 (동덕여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 신민서 (동덕여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 양윤정 (동덕여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2015.03.11
  • Accepted : 2016.04.08
  • Published : 2016.06.30
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Abstract

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the body shape discordance, the difference between true body type based on body mass index (BMI) and self-recognized body image, on nutrient intake, weight control attempt, and mental health in Korean adults. Methods: Subjects were persons aged 19~64 years (4,382 men and 6,226 women) who participated in the 2010~2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Subjects were categorized as RL (Group recognized as lighter than BMI criteria), RA (Group with agreement between BMI criteria and self-recognized body image), and RH (Group recognized as heavier than BMI criteria) according to the difference between actual body type based on BMI and self-recognized body image. Results: Means of BMI in RH groups were lower than or equal to that of RA groups in all groups. No significant differences in total energy intake were observed among the three groups in men, but total energy intake was higher in the RL group than in the RH group in 30~49 year old women. Proportion of carbohydrate was the highest in the RL group among 30~49 year old women. RH groups paid more attention to weight control and had less weight gain than other groups. Higher proportions of depressive symptoms were reported in the RH group in 19~29 year old men, while a higher proportion of depressive symptoms were reported in the RL group in 50~64 year old men. Conclusion: The current findings suggest an association of perceiving body shape with energy intake, weight control attempt, or depressed mood in some age groups. Body image perception can influence eating, weight control attempt, and depressed mood, therefore proper body image perception should be established in Korean adults.

본 연구는 제5기 국민건강영양조사를 이용하여 만 19~64세 성인 10,608명을 대상으로 BMI를 기준으로 분류한 체형과 주관적 체형인식의 차이를 기준으로 실제 체형보다 마르게 인식하는 RL군, 실제 체형을 올바르게 인식하는 RA군과 실제체형보다 비만하다고 인식하는 RH군으로 분류하여 각 그룹의 영양소 섭취, 체중조절 여부, 정신건강 상태를 비교하였다. 1) RH군의 비율은 19~29세, 30~49세, 50~64세에서 남자는 12.1%, 9.5%, 10.0%였고, 여자는 31.2%, 29.0%, 20.3%로 여자에서 RH군의 더 비율이 높았고, RL군의 비율은 남자 19~29세, 30~49세, 50~64세에서 26.0%, 24.2%, 28.8%였고, 여자는 3.9%, 5.7%, 14.6%로 남자에서 RL군의 비율이 더 높았다. 2) 남녀 연령대별 BMI에서 남자 19~29세, 30~49세의 평균 BMI는 RA군이 가장 높고 RH군, RL군 순위였으며 50~64세에선 RL군이 가장 낮았다. 여자 19~29세에서는 RL군이 가장 낮았으며, 30~49세, 50~64세에선 RA군이 가장 높고 RH군, RL군 순이었다. 3) 남자의 경우 19~29세에서 탄수화물 섭취량은 RH군이 가장 낮게 섭취하였다. 여자는 30~49세에서 총에너지 섭취량은 실제체형보다 비만하게 인식하는 RH군이 에너지 섭취가 가장 낮았으며 RL군이 가장 많이 섭취했다. 여자 30~49세와 50~64세에서 탄수화물 섭취량이 RH군에서 가장 낮았고 총에너지 섭취량에 따른 탄수화물 섭취비율 또한 30~49세에서 실제체형보다 비만하게 인식하는 RH군에서 가장 낮아 실제체형보다 비만하게 인식하였을 때 탄수화물 섭취량이 적었으며 이로 인해 에너지 섭취량이 적었다. 4) 남자 50~64세를 제외한 남녀 모든 연령대에서 실제체형보다 비만하게 인식하는 RH군이 체중 감량 시도를 가장 많이 한 것을 알 수 있고, 남자 19~29세, 30~49세, 전 연령대의 여자에서 실제체형보다 비만하게 인식하는 RH군에서 체중이 증가한 경우가 가장 적었지만, 주별 중등도 운동 일수에는 차이가 없어서 체형인식과 운동량은 관련이 없었다. 5) 남자 19~29세에서 실제체형보다 비만하게 인식하는 RH군이 우울감을 느낀 비율이 높았지만, 남자 50~64세에서는 실제체형보다 마르게 인식하는 RL군이 우울감 경험 비율과 스트레스가 높아 체형인식에 따른 우울감은 남성에서 연령별로 차이를 보였다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통해 성별과 연령에 따라 다소 차이가 있지만 실제체형보다 자신을 비만하다고 인식할 때 탄수화물의 섭취를 줄이고, 체중조절을 더 시도하며, 젊은 남성들에서 우울감 경험률이 높음을 알 수 있었다. 이에 따라 올바른 신체상을 확립하기 위해선 마른 몸매 선호에 대한 왜곡된 사회문화적 분위기를 개선하고 자신의 체형에 대한 올바른 인식이 필요함을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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