DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Parents, peer, and teachers relations as predictor of adolescent adult media addiction and depression

부모의 양육 방식, 또래 및 교사 관계가 청소년 성인 매체 중독과 우울에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Hyo-Jung (Department of Consumer Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Rha, Jong-Youn (Department of Consumer Science, Seoul National University)
  • 김효정 (서울대학교 소비자학과) ;
  • 나종연 (서울대학교 소비자학과)
  • Received : 2017.08.08
  • Accepted : 2017.10.03
  • Published : 2017.12.30

Abstract

This study explored the influence of adolescent depression on adult media addiction by examining Bronfenbrenner's ecological perspective. The ecological perspective is a useful framework to identify the link between youths' interacting subjects in the ecological environment. It can also be used to understand adolescent problems and addiction behaviors. The current study examined the influence of parents, peers, and teachers on adult media addiction and depression with a focus on micro-systems that have the greatest influence on adolescents among various environmental systems. We analyzed 568 participants who reported exposure to adult media. SPSS 20.0 was used to conduct a descriptive analysis of the data; AMOS 19.0 was used to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model. The results of study are as follows. First, parental abuse and peer alienation significantly increases depression. Second, peer communication significantly decreases depression. Third, parental monitoring and parental affection significantly decreased adult media addiction. Fourth, parental abuse, peer alienation, and depression significantly increased adult media addiction. This study is meaningful in that it examines the influence of parent, peer, and teacher relationships among adolescents on adult media addiction and depression. This study can be helpful to understand adult media addiction and depression among Korean adolescents.

Keywords

References

  1. Armsden, G. C., & Greenberg, M. T. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16 (5), 427-454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02202939
  2. Beal, A. C., Ausiello, J., & Perrin, J. M. (2001). Social influences on health-risk behaviors among minority middle school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 28 (6), 474-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00194-X
  3. Beam, M. R., Gil-Rivas, V., Greenberger, E., & Chen, C. (2002). Adolescent problem behavior and depressed mood: Risk and protection within and across social contexts. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31 (5), 343-357. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015676524482
  4. Bian, M., & Leung, L. (2015). Linking loneliness, shyness, smartphone addiction symptoms, and patterns of smartphone use to social capital. Social Science Computer Review, 33 (1), 61-79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314528779
  5. Blaszczynski, A., & Nower, L. (2002). A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling. Addiction, 9 7(5), 487-499. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x
  6. Bozoglan, B., Demirer, V., & Sahin, I. (2013). Loneliness, self-esteem, and life satisfaction as predictors of Internet addiction: A cross-sectional study among Turkish university students. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 54 (4), 313-319. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12049
  7. Brand, M., Laier, C., Pawlikowski, M., Schachtle, U., Scholer, T., & Altstotter-Gleich, C. (2011). Watching pornographic pictures on the Internet: Role of sexual arousal ratings and psychological-psychiatric symptoms for using Internet sex sites excessively. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14 (6), 371-377. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0222
  8. Braun-Courville, D. K., & Rojas, M. (2009). Exposure to sexually explicit web sites and adolescent sexual attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45 (2), 156-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.12.004
  9. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. American Psychologist, 32 (7), 513-531. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.32.7.513
  10. Brunborg, G. S., Mentzoni, R. A., & Froyland, L. R. (2014). Is video gaming, or video game addiction, associated with depression, academic achievement, heavy episodic drinking, or conduct problems?. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3 (1), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.3.2014.002
  11. Cha, E. J. (2012). A Study on factors influencing middle school students' cyber delinquency. Korean Association of Youth Welfare, 14 (3), 1-27.
  12. Chiu, S. I. (2014). The relationship between life stress and smartphone addiction on taiwanese university student: A mediation model of learning self-efficacy and social self-efficacy. Computers in Human Behavior, 34 , 49-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.024
  13. Chou, W. P., Ko, C. H., Kaufman, E. A., Crowell, S. E., Hsiao, R. C., Wang, P. W. (2015). Association of stress coping strategies with internet addiction in college students: The moderating effect of depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 62 , 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.06.004
  14. Duchesne, S., Ratelle, C. F., Larose, S., & Guay, F. (2007). Adjustment trajectories in college science programs: Perceptions of qualities of parents' and college teachers' relationships. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54 (1), 62-71. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.54.1.62
  15. Hale, W. W., Van Der Valk, I., Engels, R., & Meeus, W. (2005). Does perceived parental rejection make adolescents sad and mad? The association of perceived parental rejection with adolescent depression and aggression. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36 (6), 466-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.04.007
  16. Han, G. H., Jang, H. S., & Ahn, K. S. (2004). The role of adolescents self-esteem in stress experiences, coping against them, and problem behaviors. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 11 (3), 385-402.
  17. Huh, M. Y. (2000). The study for the development and validation of parenting behavior inventory' perceived by adolescent (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
  18. Hwang, K. H., Yoo, Y. S., & Cho, O. H. (2012). Smartphone overuse and upper extremity pain, anxiety, depression, and interpersonal relationships among college students. The Korea Contents Society, 12 (10), 365-375. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2012.12.10.365
  19. Hwang, M. K. (2010). The relationship between parent-peer attachment of multi-culture children and social anxiety (Unpublished master's thesis). Pukyong National University, Pusan, Korea.
  20. Hwang, Y., & Jeong, S. H. (2015). Predictors of parental mediation regarding children's smartphone use. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 18 (12), 737-743. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0286
  21. Jang, S. H., & Oh, E. J. (2009). The relationship among cellular phone addiction, depression, anxiety, and school life satisfaction perceived by students. Journal of the Korean Society for Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education, 21 (2), 259-268.
  22. Jung, H. W., & Chung, D. W. (2012). The effects of Korean adolescents' self-control upon their cyber delinquency. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 19 (9), 1-23.
  23. Kang, Y. S., & Park, K. (2013). The mediating effect of emotional expressiveness on empathy in middle school student and the quality of their peer relationships, Studies on Korean Youth, 25 (2), 5-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14816/sky.2014.05.73.05
  24. Kim, E. J., Lee, S. Y., & Oh, S. G. (2003). The validation of Korean adolescent internet addiction scale (K-AIAS). Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 22 (1), 125-139.
  25. Kim, G. I., Kim, J. H., & Won, H. T. (1984). Brief psychiatric examination summary. Seoul: Central Aptitude Institute.
  26. Kim, J. A., & Lee, H. S. (2011). The effects of family and peer environment on adolescents' depression. Journal of Korean Association of Practical Arts Education, 23 (2), 149-159.
  27. Kim, J. H., & Kim, K. S. (2004). An ecological systemic approach on adolescent's level of internet addiction. Studies on Korean Youth, 39 , 137-166.
  28. Kim, M. Y. (2012). A study on understanding of adolescent sex offences and pornography addiction, Korean Association of Addiction Crime Review, 2 (1), 47-71.
  29. Kim, M. Y., & Chung, H. L. H. (2015). The relation between children's self-esteem and depression: Mediating effects of teacher and peer attachment. The Journal of Child Education, 24 (3), 101-116. http://doi.org/10.17643/KJCE.2015.24.3.06
  30. Kim, P. H., & Yoon, H. M. (2013). The mediating effect of children's callous-unemotional trait on the association between child abuse and aggression. Korean Society of Child Welfare, 41 , 217-239.
  31. Kim, S. A. (2015). The effects of parent abuse, negative peer relations, and cell phone dependency on middle-school adolescent depression. Forum for Youth Culture, 43 , 31-56. https://doi.org/10.17854/ffyc.2015.07.43.31
  32. Kim, S. J., Chung, I. J. (2013). A longitudinal study of persistent and recency effects of child maltreatment on depression, anxiety and aggression. Journal of Korean Society of Child Welfare, 43 , 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00218-X
  33. Kim, Y. H. (2001). Korean adolescents' health risk behaviors and their relationships with the selected psychological constructs. Journal of Adolescent Health, 29 (4), 298-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00218-X
  34. Kim, Y. M., & Kim, J. Y. (2008). The effects of meditation program on reducing children's depressive disposition. The Journal of Child Education, 17 (1), 5-14.
  35. Korenis, P., & Billick, S. B. (2014). Forensic implications: Adolescent sexting and cyberbullying. Psychiatric Quarterly, 85 (1), 97-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-013-9277-z
  36. Kwon, Y. C. (2000). Group-alienation's occurrence cause and solution plan in the school. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 7 (2), 1-37.
  37. Lau, S., Chan, D. W., & Lau, P. S. (1999). Facets of loneliness and depression among Chinese children and adolescents. The Journal of Social Psychology, 139 (6), 713-729. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224549909598251
  38. Laursen, B. P., Furman, W., & Mooney, K. S. (2006). Predicting interpersonal competence and self-worth from adolescent relationships and relationship networks: Variable-centered and person-centered perspectives. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 52 (3), 572-600. https://doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2006.0030
  39. Lee, C., & Kim, W. (2015). Investigating youths' circulation of sexually explicit materials via web-hard : Structural equation modeling based on coercion and social learning theories. Korean Association for Public Security Administration, 12 (3), 91-118.
  40. Lee, H. J, & Lee, J. Y. (2014). Effects of teacher attachment perceived children to school happiness of children : The mediated effects of learning flow and peer competence. Journal of the Korea Institute of Youth Facility and Environment, 12 (4), 81-91.
  41. Lee, H. S. (2012). Marital conflict, parenting behavior, and parental monitoring related to adjustment of adolescents. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 21 (6), 1083-1093. https://doi.org/10.5934/KJHE.2012.21.6.1083
  42. Lee, J. Y., & Lee, K. A. (2004). Individual and familial factors in relation to school adjustment of elementary school students. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 16 (2), 261-276.
  43. Lim, H. J., Baek, H. J., Kim, H. J., Hwang, Y. J., & Ahn, J. S. (2014). Comprehensive survey on the harmful environment contact. Seoul: Ministry of Gender Equality and Family.
  44. Ma, C. M., & Shek, D. T. (2013). Consumption of pornographic materials in early adolescents in Hong Kong. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 26 (3), S18-S25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2013.03.011
  45. Matsuura, N., Hashimoto, T., & Toichi, M. (2009). Correlations among self-esteem, aggression, adverse childhood experiences and depression in inmates of a female juvenile correctional facility in Japan. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 63 (4), 478-485. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01996.x
  46. Milevsky, A., Schlechter, M., Netter, S., & Keehn, D. (2007). Maternal and paternal parenting styles in adolescents: Associations with self-esteem, depression and life-satisfaction. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16 (1), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-006-9066-5
  47. Min, B. S. (1991). The effect of school adaptation and self-concept on academic achievement (Unpublished master's thesis). Hongik University, Seoul, Korea.
  48. Moon, S. M. (1977). A study on the background characteristics and school adjustment of students. Gyeongsang National University Student Guidance Research, 4 , 19-28.
  49. Nam, Y. O., & Song, Y. J. (2016). A phenomenological study of experiences with sexually explicit material in 6th grade students. Asian Journal of Education, 17 (4), 83-109. https://doi.org/10.15753/aje.2016.12.17.4.83
  50. No, U., & Hong, S. (2010). Identifying latent classes in early adolescents' emotional depression changes and testing relationship as determinants of the classes. The Korean Association for Educational Methodology Studies, 22 (2), 91-110. http://doi.org/10.17927/tkjems.2010.22.2.91
  51. Oh, E. S., & Choi, J. A. (2015). Exposure to internet pornography and the effect upon levels of sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes in children. Korean Journal of Child Studies , 36(3), 93-113. https://doi.org/10.5723/KJCS.2015.36.3.93
  52. Park, J. Y., Kim, K. G. A., & Hong, C. H. (2012). The relationships between adolescents' cellular phone use motivation, peer relationships, emotional factors and cellular phone addictive use. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31 (1), 151-169. http://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2012.31.1.008008
  53. Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2006). Adolescents' internet use: Testing the "disappearing digital divide" versus the "emerging digital differentiation" approach. Poetics, 34 (4-5), 293-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2006.05.005
  54. Possel, P., Rudasill, K. M., Sawyer, M. G., Spence, S. H., & Bjerg, A. C. (2013). Associations between teacher emotional support and depressive symptoms in Australian adolescents: a 5-year longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 49 (11), 2135-2146. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031767
  55. Shek, D. T., Xie, Q., & Ma, C. M. (2015). Adolescent consumption of pornographic materials: Prevalence and psychosocial correlates based on a longitudinal study. In Student Well-Being in Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Springer Singapore.
  56. Shim, H., Lee, H., & Lee, H. (2016). Factors influencing adult media engagement of adolescents from micro-systemic perspective: Mediation analysis of cell-phone dependency. Journal of the Korean Society of School Health, 29 (2), 63-70. . https://doi.org/10.15434/kssh.2016.29.2.63
  57. So, S. S., Song, M. K., & Kim, C. S. (2010). The effects of perceived parenting Behavior and School Adjustment on the Depression of Early Adolescent. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 17 (3), 1-23.
  58. Sohn, S. H., Noh, K. S., Huh, M. Y., Jung, H. O., Lee, S. H., & Kim, S. J. (2001). A study of adolescent problem behaviors and parenting behaviors. Korean Neuro-psychiatric Association, 40 (4), 605-615.
  59. Statistics Korea. (2014). 2014 Statistics of adolescent . Retrived July 10, 2014, from http://Kosis.Kr.
  60. Suldo, S. M., & Huebner, E. S. (2004). Does life satisfaction moderate the effects of stressful life events on psychopathological behavior during adolescence?. School Psychology Quarterly, 19 (2), 93-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/scpq.19.2.93.33313
  61. Tak, S. Y., Park, Y. S., & Kim, U. C. (2007). Cyber delinquency of high school students focusing on human relationship, psychological and behavioral characteristics. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 14(4), 233-258.
  62. Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 38 (1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291170
  63. van Den Eijnden, R. J., Spijkerman, R., Vermulst, A. A., van Rooij, T. J., & Engels, R. C. (2010). Compulsive internet use among adolescents: Bidirectional parent-child relationships. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38 (1), 77-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9347-8
  64. Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M., & Tremblay, R. E. (2000). Influence of deviant friends on delinquency: Searching for moderator variables. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28 (4), 313-325. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005188108461
  65. Walsh, S. D., Harel-Fisch, Y., & Fogel-Grinvald, H. (2010). Parents, teachers and peer relations as predictors of risk behaviors and mental well-being among immigrant and Israeli born adolescents. Social Science & Medicine, 70 (7), 976-984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.12.010
  66. Wang, M. T., Brinkworth, M., & Eccles, J. (2013). Moderating effects of teacher-student relationship in adolescent trajectories of emotional and behavioral adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 49 (4), 690-705. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027916
  67. Yang, X., Zhu, L., Chen, Q., Song, P., & Wang, Z. (2016). Parent marital conflict and Internet addiction among Chinese college students: The mediating role of father-child, mother-child, and peer attachment. Computers in Human Behavior, 59 , 221-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.01.041
  68. Yoo, A. J., Kim, J. K., & Han, E. (2002). Aggression and quality of peer relationships in early adolescents. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 23 (3), 79-90.
  69. Young, K. (2009). Understanding online gaming addiction and treatment issues for adolescents. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 37 (5), 355-372. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926180902942191
  70. Young, K. S., Griffin-Shelley, E., Cooper, A., O'mara, J., & Buchanan, J. (2000). Online infidelity: A new dimension in couple relationships with implications for evaluation and treatment. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 7 (1-2), 59-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720160008400207
  71. Zhou, S. X., & Leung, L. (2012). Gratification, loneliness, leisure boredom, and self-esteem as predictors of SNS-game addiction and usage pattern among Chinese college students. International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning, 2 (4), 34-48. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcbpl.2012100103

Cited by

  1. 매체환경과 청소년 사이버비행과의 관계에 대한 연구 : 성인매체몰입을 중심으로 vol.17, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2019.17.4.365
  2. 부모의 방임적 양육태도와 청소년의 성인매체 몰입간의 관계에서 휴대전화 의존의 매개효과 검증 vol.9, pp.11, 2017, https://doi.org/10.22156/cs4smb.2019.9.11.171
  3. 청소년의 우울이 인터넷과의존에 미치는 영향: 부모양육방식의 매개효과 vol.21, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2021.21.03.676
  4. The Effect of Multicultural Adolescents’ Career Barriers on Depression: Focused on Mediating Effect of Parent’s Rearing Attitudes and Relationship between Multicultural Adolescents and Tea vol.46, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.21032/jhis.2021.46.3.285