Korean Chemical Engineering Research

The Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers (한국화학공학회)
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Electrochemical Characteristics of PFO pitch Anode prepared by Chemical Activation for Lithium Ion Battery

리튬이온전지용 화학적 활성화로 제조된 석유계 피치 음극소재의 전기화학적 특성

  • Hwang, Jin Ung (Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Jong Dae (Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2017.01.25
  • Accepted : 2017.02.13
  • Published : 2017.06.01
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Abstract

In this study, the electrochemical performance of surface modified carbon using the PFO (pyrolyzed fuel oil) was investigated by chemical activation with KOH and $K_2CO_3$. PFO was heat treated at $390{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ for 1~3h to prepared the pitch. Three carbon precursors (pitch) prepared by the thermal reaction were 3903 (at $390^{\circ}C$ for 3h), 4001(at $400^{\circ}C$ for 1h) and 4002 (at $400^{\circ}C$ for 2h). Also, the effect of chemical activation catalysts and mixing time on the development of porosity during carbonization was investigated. The prepared carbon was analyzed by BET and FE-SEM. It was shown that chemical activation with KOH could be successfully used to develop carbon with specific surface area ($3.12m^2/g$) and mean pore size (22 nm). The electrochemical characteristics of modified carbon as the anode were investigated by constant current charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance tests. The coin cell using pitch (4002) modified by KOH has better initial capacity (318 mAh/g) than that of other pitch coin cells. Also, this prepared carbon anode appeared a high initial efficiency of 80% and the retention rate capability of 2C/0.1 C was 92%. It is found that modified carbon anode showed improved cycling and rate capacity performance.

본 연구에서는 PFO (pyrolyzed fuel oil)를 이용해 탄소 전구체(피치)를 얻은 후 KOH와 $K_2CO_3$를 이용한 화학적 활성화를 통해 표면 개질한 카본의 전기화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 탄소 전구체는 3903, 4001, 4002의 세 종류를 사용하였으며, 각 각 PFO를 $390^{\circ}C$ 3 시간, $400^{\circ}C$ 1시간, $400^{\circ}C$ 2 시간 열처리 하여 제조하였다. 또한 화학적 활성화 실험은 활성 촉매의 종류, 교반시간 등을 변화시키면서 비표면적 및 기공크기 등의 물성이 전기화학적 특성에 미치는 효과를 조사 하였다. 제조된 표면개질 PFO 피치의 물리적 특성은 BET, FE-SEM 등을 통해 분석되었으며, 음극 소재로서의 전기 화학적 성능은 충 방전, 순환전압전류, 임피던스, 속도 테스트를 통해 조사되었다. 화학적 활성화법을 이용해 제조한 카본의 평균 기공크기는 22 nm, 비표면적은 $3.12m^2/g$의 결과를 얻었다. 세 가지 개질된 석유계 피치를 음극소재로 사용하여 조사된 전기화학적 특성은 4001 피치가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 이 때 표면개질 조건은 KOH를 사용하여 2시간 교반 후 화학적 활성화법에 의하여 열처리 하였다. KOH를 이용한 표면개질 PFO 피치를 사용해 제조한 전지의 초기 용량은 318 mAh/g, 초기효율은 80%로 우수한 결과를 보였으며, 2C/0.1C 속도 테스트 특성은 92%로 높은 특성을 보였다.

Keywords

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