Membrane Journal (멤브레인)

The Membrane Society of Korea (한국막학회)
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Facilitated Transport: Basic Concepts and Applications to Gas Separation Membranes

촉진수송: 기본 개념 및 기체분리막 응용

  • Park, Cheol Hun (Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Lee, Jae Hun (Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Park, Min Su (Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Kim, Jong Hak (Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University)
  • 박철훈 (연세대학교 화공생명공학과) ;
  • 이재훈 (연세대학교 화공생명공학과) ;
  • 박민수 (연세대학교 화공생명공학과) ;
  • 김종학 (연세대학교 화공생명공학과)
  • Received : 2017.06.20
  • Accepted : 2017.06.22
  • Published : 2017.06.30
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Abstract

Polymer membranes are cheap and easy in fabrication, and show a high permeability and selectivity, thus play pivotal roles in gas separation as well as water purification. However, polymer membranes typically exhibit the trade-off relation between permeability and selectivity; i.e. when the permeability is high, the selectivity is low and vice versa. Facilitated transport has been considered one of the solutions to address this issue. Over the last decades, facilitated transport concept had played an important role in preparing the membranes and providing ideal and various models for the transport. Understanding the nature of carrier, the mobility of matrix and the physico-chemical properties of polymer composites are crucial for facilitated transport. Depending on the mobility of carrier, facilitated transport membrane is classified into three; mobile carrier membrane, semi-mobile carrier membrane, fixed-site carrier membrane. Also, there are four types of reversible reaction between the carrier and the specific target; proton transfer reaction, nucleophilic addition reaction, p-complexation reaction and electrochemical reaction. The facilitated transport membranes have been applied in the separation of CO2, O2 and olefin (propylene or ethylene). In this review, major challenges surrounding facilitated transport membranes and the strategies to tackle these challenges are given in detail.

고분자 분리막은 가격이 저렴하고, 쉽게 제조가 가능하며, 투과도와 선택도가 우수하여 수처리 분야뿐만 아니라 기체분리에서도 중요한 역할을 한다. 하지만, 고분자 분리막은 일반적으로 투과도와 선택도의 역상관 관계를 나타내는 단점이 있다; 즉, 투과도가 높으면 선택도가 낮고, 선택도가 높으면 투과도가 높다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위한 방안 중의 하나가 촉진수송이다. 지난 수십 년간 촉진수송 이론은 촉진수송 분리막 제조에 있어 매우 중요하고 다양한 모델을 제시하는 데에 핵심적인 역할을 하였다. 한편, 촉진수송에서 주된 역할을 하는 운반체의 특성, 매질의 유동성 및 고분자 복합체의 물리화학적 성질 등을 이해하는 것은 중요하다. 운반체의 유동성에 따라 촉진수송 분리막의 종류를 3가지로 나눌 수 있다; 즉, 이동상 운반체 분리막, 준이동상 운반체 분리막, 고정상 운반체 분리막. 또한 촉진 운반체가 특정물질과 상호작용하는 데에는 4가지 종류의 가역반응으로 나눌 수 있다; 즉, 수소원자 전달 반응, 친핵성 첨가반응, 파이-착체 반응, 그리고 전기화학 반응. 이러한 촉진수송 분리막은 이산화탄소, 산소, 올레핀(프로필렌, 에틸렌)의 투과도를 선택적으로 향상시키는 역할을 한다. 이와 같이 본 총설에서는 다양한 촉진수송 분리막에 관련된 주요 연구내용과 이러한 연구를 수행하는 대표적인 전략들을 소개하고자 한다.

Keywords

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