Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Rainfall and Hydrological Comparative Analysis of Water Quality Variability in Euiam Reservoir, the North-Han River, Korea

북한강 의암호의 수질 변동성에 대한 강우·수문학적 비교분석

  • Hwang, Soon-Jin (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Sim, Yeon Bo (Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Choi, Bong-Geun (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kim, Keonhee (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Park, Chaehong (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Seo, Wanbum (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Park, Myung-Hwan (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Lee, Su-Woong (Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Shin, Jae-Ki (Office for Southern Region Management of the Nakdong River, Korea Water Resources Corporation (K-water))
  • 황순진 (건국대학교 환경보건과학과) ;
  • 심연보 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 최봉근 (건국대학교 환경보건과학과) ;
  • 김건희 (건국대학교 환경보건과학과) ;
  • 박채홍 (건국대학교 환경보건과학과) ;
  • 서완범 (건국대학교 환경보건과학과) ;
  • 박명환 (건국대학교 환경보건과학과) ;
  • 이수웅 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 신재기 (한국수자원공사 낙동강남부권관리단)
  • Received : 2016.10.28
  • Accepted : 2017.02.03
  • Published : 2017.03.31
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Abstract

This study explored spatiotemporal variability of water quality in correspondence with hydro-meteorological factors in the four stations of Euiam Reservoir located in the upstream region of the North-Han River from May 2012 to December 2015. Seasonal effect was apparent in the variation of water temperature, DO, electric conductivity and TSS during the study period. Stratification in the water column was observed in the near dam site every year and vanished between August and October. Increase of nitrogen nutrients was observed when inflowing discharge was low, while phosphorus increase was distinct both during the early season with increase of inflowing discharge and the period of severe draught persistent. Duration persisting high concentration of Chl-a (>$25mg\;m^{-3}$: the eutrophic status criterion, OECD, 1982) was 1~2 months of the whole year in 2014~2015, while it was almost 4 months in 2013. Water quality of Euiam Reservoir appeared to be affected basically by geomorphology and source of pollutants, such as longitudinally linked instream islands and Aggregate Island, inflowing urban stream, and wastewater treatment plant discharge. While inflowing discharge from the dams upstream and outflow pattern causing water level change seem to largely govern the variability of water quality in this particular system. In the process of spatiotemporal water quality change, factors related to climate (e.g. flood, typhoon, abruptly high rainfall, scorching heat of summer), hydrology (amount of flow and water level) might be attributed to water pulse, dilution, backflow, uptake, and sedimentation. This study showed that change of water quality in Euiam Reservoir was very dynamic and suggested that its effect could be delivered to downstream (Cheongpyeong and Paldang Reservoirs) through year-round discharge for hydropower generation.

본 연구는 2012년 5월부터 2015년 12월까지 북한강 상류에 위치하는 의암호의 4개 지점에서 시공간적 수질 변동성을 강우 수문인자와 비교 고찰하였다. 조사기간 동안 수온, DO, Conductivity 및 TSS 등 기초 수질요인의 변동은 계절적 영향이 컸다. 특히, 수온성층은 수심이 깊은 댐 부근에서 매년 관찰되었고, 소멸 시기는 8월~10월 사이에 있었다. 질소 계열 영양염의 증가는 유량이 빈약할 때이었고, 인의 증가는 초기 유량 증가와 극심한 가뭄이 지속될 때이었다. Chl-a에 의한 부영양 수준을 초과하는 기간은 2012년, 2014년~2015년에 1~2개월이었으나 2013년에는 4개월 동안 지속되었다. 의암호의 수질 변동성은 댐 중앙부에 상하류로 이어진 하중도와 골재섬의 존재, 도시하천과 하수처리장 방류수 유입이라는 지형적 구조와 오염원의 기반 영향에 대하여, 상류 댐으로부터의 유입량과 의암댐의 방류량 및 방류형태(패턴)에 의한 수위 증감에서 직간접적 관련성과 영향을 찾을 수 있었다. 수질의 시공간적 변이 과정에서 기상(장마, 태풍, 이상강우 및 폭염 더위) 수문(유량과 수위)학적 작용에 기여하는 주요 인자는 펄스, 희석, 역류, 흡수 및 침전 등으로 볼 수 있었다. 의암호의 수질 변동은 매우 역동적이며, 그 영향은 내부 자체뿐만 아니라 발전방류구를 통해 하류 저수지(청평호, 팔당호)에까지 전달될 수 있는 잠재성을 가지고 있다.

Keywords

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