Journal of the Geological Society of Korea (지질학회지)

The Geological Society of Korea (대한지질학회)
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Variation in depositional environments controlled by tectonics and volcanic activities in the lower part of the Seongdongri Formation, Janggi Basin

구조운동과 화산활동에 의해 조절된 장기분지 성동리층 하부의 퇴적 환경 변화

  • Gu, Hui-Chan (Department of Petroleum Resources Technology, University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Gim, Jeong-Hwan (Dept. of Geology, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Hwang, In Gul (Petroleum and Marine Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)
  • 구희찬 (과학기술연합대학원대학교 석유자원공학과) ;
  • 김정환 (경상대학교 지질과학과) ;
  • 황인걸 (한국지질자원연구원 석유해저연구본부)
  • Received : 2017.06.20
  • Accepted : 2018.01.11
  • Published : 2018.02.28
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Abstract

The Seongdongri Formation in the Janggi Basin is composed of dacitic volcaniclastic and clastic sediments, deposited in fluvial and lacustrine environments. In the cores, individual beds of volcaniclastic sediments and the patterns of depositional systems were used for correlation. Prograding and retrograding patterns of depositional systems were also used for correlation. Based on these features, the lower part of the Seongdongri Formation can be divided into six depositional units. The Unit S-1 is composed of dacitic tuff, conglomerate beds showing a fining-upward trend, and massive and laminated mudstones with thin, graded sandstones, in ascending order. The vertical succession suggests a volcanic eruption and high rates of volcaniclastic sediment supply, resulting in the deposition of fluvial sediments. The basin was, then, subsided rapidly, depositing thick mudstones in lacustrine environments. In the western part of the basin (JG-1, -4 wells), the Unit S-2 is composed of thick (~80 m) conglomerates and gravelly sandstones, interpreted as gravelly braided stream deposits. In the eastern part (JG-3, -5, -6 wells), however, relatively thin (< 30 m) mudstones were deposited in lake or lake margin environments. Rapid subsidence along the western boundary fault resulted in the westward tilting of the basin. However, deposition of braided stream and swamp sediments suggests high rate of sediment supply. In Unit S-3, JG-1, -4, -6 wells are represented by 50 m thick resedimented volcaniclastic rocks showing fining-upward trends, deposited in braided stream environments. The JG-3, -5 wells, however, comprise thick (< 75 m) mudstone, muddy sandstone and fine sandstone with a coarsening-upward trend, representing a prograding depositional system to the lake environment. The abrupt changes can be interpreted as activation of a normal fault between JG-3 and -6 wells. The Unit S-4 is composed of thick dacitic tuffs and clastic sediments. Massive feature, abundant ash matrix, and carbonized wood fragments in the dacitic tuffs are indicative of deposition by pyroclastic density currents. The Unit S-5 is composed of 70 m thick dacitic volcaniclastic rocks. Fractured crystals in lapilli tuffs, ash-depleted matrix in the lower part of the tuff, carbonized wood fragments and accretionary lapilli suggest deposition by pyroclastic density currents entering into subaqueous environments that were generated from subaerial eruption. The Unit S-6 is dominated by thick laminated mudstones, suggesting sediment depleted lacustrine environments after the volcanic eruptions. Variations in sedimentary facies and thickness in each depositional unit suggest that sedimentary architecture and depositional environments were controlled by tectonic subsidence and related volcanic activities, resulting in rapid variation of sediment supply rate.

장기분지의 성동리층은 데사이트질 화산쇄설물과 하천 및 호수환경에서 퇴적된 쇄설성 퇴적물이 교호한다. 분지 전반에 걸쳐 산출되는 화산쇄설물과 퇴적계의 전진 및 후퇴 양상을 통해, 5개의 시추코어와 육상 노두의 성동리층 하부를 대비하여 6개의 퇴적단위로 구분하였다. 퇴적단위 S-1은 응회암, 상향세립화 경향을 보이는 역암 그리고 괴상 및 엽층리를 보이는 이암 등으로 구성된다. 이는 화산활동으로 다량의 퇴적물이 공급되어 하성환경이 조성된 후 분지침강이 일어나 호성 환경이 형성되었음을 지시한다. 퇴적단위 S-2는 서쪽의 장기 1, 4호공에서 역질 퇴적물이 약 80 m로 두껍게 분포하나, 동쪽의 장기 3, 5, 6호공에서는 상대적으로 세립질이고 약 30 m에 불과하다. 이는 분지 서쪽에서 정단층 운동으로 퇴적수용공간이 많이 형성되었지만 다량의 퇴적물이 공급되어 망상하천 및 습지환경이 유지된 것으로 해석된다. 퇴적단위 S-3은 장기 1, 4, 6호공에서 약 50 m 두께로 하성환경에서 재동된 응회질 퇴적암이 발달해 있고, 장기 3, 5호공에서는 약 75 m 두께로 상향조립화 경향을 보이는 호수로 전진구축하는 퇴적계가 분포한다. 이러한 변화는 장기 3호공과 6호공 사이의 정단층 운동을 지시한다. 퇴적단위 S-4는 데사이트질 화산력 응회암 및 쇄설성 퇴적암으로 구성되어있다. 응회암이 주로 괴상이며 탄화목이 분포하는 것으로 보아 육상에서 분출한 화쇄류에 의한 것으로 보인다. 퇴적단위 S-5는 약 70 m의 화산쇄설물로 구성되어있으며, 하부에 유리질 화산회가 결여되어있고 내부균열을 보이는 결정, 탄화목 및 부가화산력 등으로 보아 육상에서 분출된 화쇄류가 수중환경에서 퇴적된 것으로 해석된다. 퇴적단위 S-6의 두꺼운 엽리상 이암은 화산활동 이후 분지 전반이 침강하여 시추공 인근까지 조립질 퇴적물이 공급되지 않는 대규모 호수가 형성되었음을 지시한다. 성동리층 하부의 6개 퇴적단위 내부에서 나타나는 퇴적상 변화와 두께 차이는 지구조 운동과 이와 관련된 화산활동 및 퇴적물 공급량 변화에 의해 조절된 것으로 해석된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : (재)한국이산화탄소포집, 처리연구개발센터

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