DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Depression and Fear about Maturation in Girls with Precocious Puberty and Depression and Anxiety in Their Mothers

성조숙증 여아의 우울 및 성숙불안과 어머니의 우울 및 불안

  • Lee, Min Ju (Department of Pediatrics, Presbyterian Medical Center) ;
  • Baek, Seong Hwan (Department of Pediatrics, Presbyterian Medical Center) ;
  • Park, Sin-Ae (Department of Pediatrics, Presbyterian Medical Center)
  • 이민주 (전주 예수병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 백성환 (전주 예수병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 박신애 (전주 예수병원 소아청소년과)
  • Received : 2018.08.01
  • Accepted : 2018.09.13
  • Published : 2018.09.30

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated depression and anxiety in girls with precocious puberty and in their mothers. Method: This study recruited 75 girls treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and their mothers from October 2017 to April 2018. The girls completed the Korean Children's Depression Inventory (K-CDI) and Maturity Fear Scale (MFS), and their mothers were surveyed with the Korean Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI) and Korean Beck Anxiety Inventory (K-BAI). Results: The K-BDI scores showed statistically significant differences according to girl's age (p<0.016) and household income (p<0.037). The anxiety scores showed statistically significant differences according to girls' Body Mass Index (BMI) (p<0.029) and household income (p<0.005). There was a positive correlation between depression in girls and mothers (r=0.264, p<0.050). Conclusion: Our findings suggest a need for understanding and counseling for depression in both girls' and their mothers during the process of diagnosis and treatment for precocious puberty.

Keywords

References

  1. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol 1988;56(6):893-7. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006X.56.6.893
  2. Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Beck depression inventory (2nd manual). The Psychological Corporation; San Antonio; 1996.
  3. Chei MA, Lee HS, Kim DH, Park MH, Yoon SY, Cho YH, et al. The study on the quality of life for the mothers of hospitalized chronic pediatric patients. Korean Journal of Child Health Nursing 2000;6(2):249-61.
  4. Cho HH, Moon SH. Association of sexual maturation and parent-child communication on maturity fears in elementary school girls. Child health Nurs Res 2016;22(2):137-44. https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2016.22.2.137
  5. Cho HH, Yoon YM, Moon SH. Research trends on children with precocious puberty and their families in Korea. J Korean Soc Matern Child Health 2014;18(1):97-108.
  6. Cho SC, Lee YS. Development of the Korean form of the Kovacs' Children's Depression Inventory. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 1990;29:943-56.
  7. Chung KM, Shin SH, Lee SA, Park MJ, Kim SH. Psychological Characteristics of Girls with Precocious Puberty. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology 2012;17(2):416-77.
  8. Coffey JS. Parenting a child with chronic illness: A metasynthesis. Pediatric Nursing 2006;32(1):51-9.
  9. Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. Healthcare bigdata hub [Internet]. Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service; 2015 [cited 2015 August 19]. Available from: http://opendata.hira.or.kr/op/opc/olapMfrnIntrsIlnsInfo.do.
  10. Hwang JY, Park MY, Kim KR, Lee SE, Shim JE. Design of service delivery for a child obesity prevention and management program using technology convergence. J Nutr Health 2014;47(5):374-84. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2014.47.5.374
  11. Hayward C, Killen JD, Wilson DM, Hammer LD, Litt IF, Kraemer HC, et al. Psychiatric risk associated with early puberty in adolescent girls. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36(2):255-62.
  12. Jackson PL, Ott MJ. Perceived self-esteem among children diagnosed with precocious puberty. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 1990;5(3):190-203.
  13. Johansson T, Ritzen EM. Very long-term follow-up of girls with early and late menarche. Endocr Dev 2005;8:126-36.
  14. Kaltiala-Heino R, Kosunen E, Rimpela M. Pubertal timing, sexual behaviour and self-reported depression in middle adolescence. J Adolesc 2003;26(5):531-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-1971(03)00053-8
  15. Kaltiala-Heino R, Marttunen M, Rantanen P, Rimpela M. Early puberty is associated with mental health problems in middle adolescence. Soc Sci Med 2003;57(6):1055-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00480-X
  16. Kampert JB, Whittemore AS, Paffenbarger RS Jr. Combined effects of childbearing, menstrual events, and body size on age-specific breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 1988;125(5):962-79.
  17. Kim BO, Lee JS. Relationships among stress coping strategies, emotion regulation ability, and behavior problems in children from low-income and middle-income families. Korean Assoc. Hum. Ecol 2008;17(6):1051-61.
  18. Kim MS, Kim GS, Son SH, Yoo JY, Lee MJ, Lee YS, et al. The effects of Toys related to literacy and parent-child relational factors on lanaguage abilities according to socioeconomic status. Korean J Child Studies 2010;31(4):61-74.
  19. Kim MW, Lee SK. A study of factors influencing precocious puberty. Journal of Korean Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 2012;13(7):3123-31.
  20. Kovacs M, Beck AT. An empirical-clinical approach toward a definition of childhood depression. In: Schulterbrandt JG, Raskin A, editors. Depression in childhood: Diagnosis, treatment and conceptual models. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1977:1-25.
  21. Lakshman R, Forouhi N, Luben R, Bingham S, Khaw K, Wareham N, et al. Association between age at menarche and risk of diabetes in adults: Results from the EPICNorfolk cohort study. Diabetologia 2008;51(5):781-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-008-0948-5
  22. Lapidus CS, Kerr PE. Social impact of atopic dermatitis. Medicine and Health RI 2001;84(9):294-5.
  23. Lee JH, Kim HY, Lee JH. A study on maternal stress in rearing children with disabilities and maternal quality of Life. J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs 2007;13(1):5-12.
  24. Lee YH, Song JY. A study of the reliability and validity of the BDI, SDS, and MMPI-D scales. Korean J Clin Psychol 1991;10(1):98-113.
  25. Lim JH, Kim JH. Mother s experience ' of having a girl with precocious puberty. Keimyung University Research Institute of Nursing Science 2013;17(2):23-34.
  26. Mazur T, Clopper RR. Pubertal disorders: psychology and clinical management. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1991;20(1):211-30.
  27. Mendle J, Turkheimer E, Emery RE. Detrimental psychological outcomes associated with early pubertal timing in adolescent girls. Dev Rev 2007;27(2):151-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2006.11.001
  28. Mrug S, Elliott M, Gilliland MJ, Grunbaum JA, Tortolero SR, Cuccaro P, et al. Positive parenting and early puberty in girls. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2008;162(8):781-86. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.162.8.781
  29. Park ES, Lee KH, Oh WO, Im YJ, Cho EJ. Parenting experience of parents with chronically ill children. Child Health Nurs Res 2015;21(3):272-84. https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2015.21.3.272
  30. Park ES, Martinson MI. Maternal uncertainty in childhood chronic illness. Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing 1998;4(2):207-20.
  31. Park HJ, Kim NH. A study on the body image and the levels of anxiety in children with precocious puberty. Asiapacific journal of Multimedia services convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology 2016;6(5):39-51
  32. Park MJ. Recent advance in pathogenesis and treatment of precocious puberty. Journal of Reproduction and Development 2006;10(4):215-25.
  33. Park MJ. Guilt, worry, and anxiety in mothers of children with precocious puberty. Busan: Dong Ah University; 2016.
  34. Park MJ, Lee IS, Shin EK, Joung HJ, Cho SI. The timing of sexual maturation and secular trends of menarchial age in Korean adolescents. Korean Journal of Pediatrics 2006;49(6):610-16. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2006.49.6.610
  35. Pinyerd B, Zipf WB. Puberty-timing is everything. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2005;20(2):75-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2004.12.011
  36. Sinton M, Davison K, Birch L. Evaluating the association between girls' reactions to pubertal development and girls' risk for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. The annual meeting of the Academy for Eating Disorders; 2005 April; Montreal. Canada; 2005.
  37. Seo JW. Obesity in children and adolescents. Korean J Pediatr 2009;52(12):1311-20. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2009.52.12.1311
  38. Teitelman AM. Adolescent girls' perspectives of family interactions related to menarche and sexual health. Qual Health Res 2004;14(9):1292-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732304268794
  39. Walvoord EC. The timing of puberty: Is it changing? Does it matter?. J Adolesc Health 2010;47(5):433-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.05.018
  40. Warschburger P, Buchholz HT, Petermann F. Psychological adjustment in parents of young children with atopic dermatitis: which factors predict parental quality of life?. Br J Dermatology 2004;105(2):304-11.
  41. Xhrouet-Heinrichs D, Lagrou K, Heinrichs C, Craen M, Dooms L, Malvaux P, et al. Longitudinal study of behavioral and affective patterns in girls with central precocious puberty during long-acting triporelin therapy. Acta Pediatrics 1997;86:808-15.
  42. Yoo IY, Kim DH. Parenting stress and needs of mothers of children with atopic dermatitis. Korean J Child Health Nurs 2004;10(4):423-30.
  43. Yook SP, Kim ZS. A clinical study on the Korean version of Beck Anxiety Inventory: comparative study of patient and non-patient. Korean J Clin Psychol 1997;16(1):185-97.