Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Analysis of the types of eating behavior affecting the nutrition of preschool children: using the Dietary Behavior Test (DBT) and the Nutrition Quotient (NQ)

유아의 영양상태에 영향을 미치는 식행동 유형 분석 : 어린이 식행동 검사 (DBT)와 어린이 영양지수 (NQ) 활용

  • Sim, Hyeon Mi (Department of Food and Nutrition, Deagu Catholic University) ;
  • Han, Youngshin (Nutrii Co., Ltd. Research Institute of Food & Life Cycle) ;
  • Lee, Kyung A (Department of Food and Nutrition, Deagu Catholic University)
  • 심현미 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 한영신 ((주)뉴트리아이 생애주기 식생활연구소) ;
  • 이경아 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2019.10.30
  • Accepted : 2019.12.12
  • Published : 2019.12.31
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Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the effect of eating behavior on nutritional status according to temperament type. Methods: One thousand one hundred three preschool children aged 2 to 6 years in Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do from April to June 2018 were surveyed about their eating behavior and nutritional status using DBT (Dietary Behavior Test) and NQ (Nutrition Quotient) which are proven tests. The dietary behaviors of the children were classified into four categories: approach avoidance, sensory sensitivity, hyperactivity, and irregularity. NQ scores were divided into five categories: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. Results: The mean of the children's age was 3.42 ± 1.4 (596 boys and 507 girls). The percentage distribution of the NQ grade was as follows: 5.5% (highest), 12.5% (high), 47.1% (medium), 22.2% (low), and 12.6% (lowest). The risk group of approach avoidance and sensory sensitivity had significantly (p < 0.001) lower scores than the normal group in balance factor (51.9 ± 12.0 vs. 57.8 ± 15.9 in approach avoidance type, 52.6 ± 17.6 vs. 57.7 ± 15.9 in sensory sensitivity type) and diversity factor (32.5 ± 24.4 vs. 50.1 ± 22.4 in approach avoidance type, and 32.5 ± 24.0 vs. 50.7 ± 22.2 in sensory sensitivity type). The scores of the hyperactivity risk group were significantly lower in moderation factor (78.2 ± 12.1 vs. 81.2 ± 11.9), and those of the irregular risk group were significantly lower in variety (35.9 ± 24.5 vs. 48.8 ± 23.2), regularity (57.6 ± 37.1 vs. 66.1 ± 17.6), and practice (57.1 ± 19.4 vs. 65.1 ± 22.5) factors than the normal group (p < 0.001). Especially, the risk group of approach avoidance and sensitivity type had significantly (p < 0.001) lower intakes of whole grain, fruit, bean and bean products, vegetables, and Kimchi. Conclusion: This present study suggested that the eating behavior based on temperament of demanding preschool children affected food choice resulting in food consumption diversity of children. Therefore, it is important to provide customized nutrition education programs based on temperament type.

본 연구는 유아의 영양상태에 미치는 행동적 요인을 확인하기 위하여, 어린이 식행동 검사 (DBT)와 어린이영양지수 (NQ)를 활용하여 경산시 소재 어린이집과 유치원에 다니는 만 2~6세 유아의 부모 1,103명을 대상으로 식행동과 식품섭취상태를 평가하였다. 아이의 식행동을 접근회피성, 감각예민성, 과활동성 그리고 불규칙성의 4가지로 분류하고, 식행동 유형별 위험군을 분류하였다. 4가지 식행동 유형별 위험군 어린이들의 식습관과 영양섭취 수준을 파악하고자 양호군과 비교분석하여 유아의 영양상태에 영향을 미치는 식행동 요인을 규명하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면, 첫째, 조사대상자의 NQ점수는 절제요인 (80.5점), 규칙요인 (63.9점), 실천요인 (63.2점), 균형요인 (56.2점), 다양요인 (45.5점) 순으로 나타나 절제요인을 제외한 모든 요인에서 영양불량으로 판정되었으며, 5개 등급을 구분한 결과 하위등급 (22.2%)과 최하위등급 (12.6%)이 전체 조사대상자의 1/3에 달하였다. 둘째, 4가지 식행동 유형별 위험군을 판정한 결과, 감각예민성은 28.7%, 접근회피성은 26.4%, 불규칙성은 25.7%, 과활동성은 22.2%으로 나타났다. 셋째, 4가지 식행동 유형별 위험군 어린이들의 식습관과 영양섭취수준을 파악하고자 양호군 어린이들의 어린이 영양지수 (NQ)와 비교분석 한 결과, 각 식행동 유형별 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 접근회피성과 감각예민성 유형에서는 양호군에 비해 위험군이 균형과 다양요인 점수가 유의하게 낮았다. 균형요인의 세부항목 중 잡곡밥, 과일, 콩 또는 콩제품, 달걀 섭취와 다양요인의 세부항목 중 반찬을 골고루 섭취하는지, 채소반찬의 섭취 가짓수, 김치섭취에서 유의하게 낮은 섭취빈도를 나타냈다. 과활동성 유형에서는 양호군에 비해 위험군이 절제요인 점수가 유의하게 낮았다. 세부항목 중 단 음식 섭취에서 유의하게 높은 섭취 빈도를 보였다. 불규칙성 유형에서는 양호군에 비해 위험군이 다양과 규칙 및 실천요인에서 유의하게 낮은 점수를 나타냈다. 다양요인의 세부항목 중 반찬을 골고루 섭취하는지, 채소반찬의 섭취 가짓수, 김치섭취에서, 규칙요인 중 아침식사와 규칙적인 식사 빈도에서, 실천요인 중 음식 꼭꼭 씹어먹기와 식사 전 손씻기 빈도에서 유의하게 낮은 빈도를 나타냈다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 하여 기존의 획일적인 영양교육프로그램이 아닌 각 아이의 기질을 바탕으로 한 맞춤형 영양교육프로그램이 개발되는데 기초자료로 활용할 수 있기를 기대한다.

Keywords

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