Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
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The Growth Performances and Soil Properties of Planted Zelkova serrata Trees according to Fertilization in Harvested Pinus rigida Plantation over 6 Years after Planting

조림지 시비 처리에 따른 리기다소나무 벌채지 내 식재 6년 후 느티나무 조림지 토양 및 조림목 생장 특성

  • Yang, A-Ram (Forest Technology and Management Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Cho, Min Seok (Forest Technology and Management Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science)
  • 양아람 (국립산림과학원 산림기술경영연구소) ;
  • 조민석 (국립산림과학원 산림기술경영연구소)
  • Received : 2019.01.29
  • Accepted : 2019.02.25
  • Published : 2019.03.31
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to suggest a suitable amount of fertilizer using the changes in growth performances and soil properties for improving survival and quality of Zelkova serrata trees in a harvested Pinus rigida plantation. One-year-old containerized seedlings of Z. serrata were planted with the density of 3000 seedlings $ha^{-1}$ in end of March 2011 at Gwangneung experimental forest, Pocheon. Solid compound fertilizer (N:P:K=3:4:1) were applied yearly in three amounts (control: no fertilization, F1: $180kg\;ha^{-1}$, and F2: $360kg\;ha^{-1}$) every May from 2011 to 2013. We analyzed soil properties before (2011) and after (2012 and 2017) fertilization. And we measured the root collar diameter and height of Z. serrata trees from 2011 to 2016, and then calculated H/D ratio and stem volume. Soil properties at Z. serrata plantation did not show difference according to fertilization level in every investigation year. As time passed after planting, however, concentrations of total nitrogen and available phosphorus were increased from decreased. The growth of root collar diameter, height and stem volume of Z. serrata trees at F2 plot were significantly higher those at the other plots after only 2 years of fertilization. Because Z. serrata tree demand to more nutrient during the early growing period. The survival rate of Z. serrata trees at control plot was significantly lower than that at the other plots. This might be due to Z. serrata trees at control plot had not the upper hand from competition with vegetation at the early in planting. However, the growth of height and stem volume of Z. serrata trees between F1 and F2 plots did not show difference over 6 years after planting. Consequently, we could suggest that Z. serrata trees need to F1 fertilization level for considering improving survival and quality of Z. serrata trees and economical efficiency of plantation managements after harvesting P. rigida plantation.

본 연구는 조림 후 시비 처리에 따른 리기다소나무 벌채지 내 식재된 느티나무 조림지의 토양 특성 변화와 조림목의 초기 생육 특성을 분석하여 조림목의 생존 및 품질 향상을 위한 적정 시비량을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 연구 대상지는 경기도 포천시에 위치한 광릉시험림이며, 2011년 3월 말 느티나무 용기묘 1-0을 3000본 $ha^{-1}$ 밀도로 식재하였다. 2011년부터 2013년까지 매년 5월에 산림용고형복합비료(N:P:K=3:4:1)를 이용하여 3가지 수준(대조구: 무시비, F1: $180kg\;ha^{-1}$, F2: $360kg\;ha^{-1}$)에 따라 시비 처리를 하였다. 시비 처리 전(2011년)과 후(2012, 2017년)에 조림지의 토양 특성을 분석하였고, 느티나무 조림목의 근원경과 수고를 2011년부터 2016년까지 측정하여 H/D율과 수간 재적을 계산하였다. 시비 수준에 따른 토양 특성은 조사 시기별 차이는 없었으나, 조림 후 시간 경과에 따라서는 전질소 및 유효인산 농도가 감소하다가 증가하였다. 시비 수준에 따른 느티나무 조림목의 근원경, 수고 및 수간 재적 생장은 식재 2년차부터 F2 처리구에서 다른 조사구보다 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 느티나무 조림목이 초기 생장 시 많은 양분을 필요로 하는 것을 보여준다. 또한 생존율은 대조구에서 가장 낮았는데 이는 식재 초기에 생장 저하로 하층 식생과의 경쟁에서 우위를 점하지 못했기 때문으로 판단된다. 그러나 식재 6년 후부터 F1과 F2 처리구간 조림목의 수고와 수간 재적 생장 차이가 없어 결과적으로는 리기다소나무 벌채지 내 느티나무 식재 시 조림목의 생존 및 품질 향상과 경제적 효율성을 동시에 만족시키기 위해서는 F1 수준의 시비량을 제안할 수 있다.

Keywords

HOMHBJ_2019_v108n1_29_f0001.png 이미지

Figure 1. Changes in sand (a) silt (b) and clay (c) separate in soil, pH (d), total nitrogen (e), available phosphorus (f) and cation exchange capacity (g) within soil over time after planting. Small letters indicate significant differences among investigation year in the same fertilization level (P < 0.05). Control: no fertilization, F1: 21.6 kg N ha-1 + 28.8 kg P ha-1 + 7.2 kg K ha-1, and F2: 43.2 kg N ha-1 + 57.6 kg P ha-1 + 14.4 kg K ha-1.

HOMHBJ_2019_v108n1_29_f0002.png 이미지

Figure 2. The stem volume of Zelkova serrata trees according to fertilization level. The vertical bars represent standard errors of the mean (n=60). Small letters indicate significant differences among fertilization level in the same age (P < 0.05). Control: no fertilization, F1: 21.6 kg N ha-1 + 28.8 kg P ha-1 + 7.2 kg K ha-1, and F2: 43.2 kg N ha-1 + 57.6 kg P ha-1 + 14.4 kg K ha-1.

Table 1. The characteristics of Zelkova serrata plantation site.

HOMHBJ_2019_v108n1_29_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Soil properties before (2011) and after (2012 and 2017) fertilization according to fertilization level in Zelkova serrata plantation site.

HOMHBJ_2019_v108n1_29_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. The root collar diameter, height, H/D ratio and survival rate of Zelkova serrata trees according to fertilization level.

HOMHBJ_2019_v108n1_29_t0003.png 이미지

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