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Assessment of dietary behaviors among preschoolers in Daejeon: using Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers (NQ-P)

대전에 거주하는 미취학 아동의 식생활 평가 : 미취학 아동 대상 영양지수 (Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers, NQ-P)를 이용하여

  • Lee, Hye-Jin (Daedeokgu Center for Children's Foodservice Management) ;
  • Kim, Jin Hee (Daedeokgu Center for Children's Foodservice Management) ;
  • Song, SuJin (Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University)
  • 이혜진 (대덕구어린이급식관리지원센터) ;
  • 김진희 (대덕구어린이급식관리지원센터) ;
  • 송수진 (한남대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2019.01.21
  • Accepted : 2019.03.25
  • Published : 2019.04.30

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary behaviors of preschoolers in Daejeon using the Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers (NQ-P). Methods: The study subjects were recruited from child-care centers and kindergartens located in Daedeok-gu, Daejeon between August and September 2018. A total of 411 preschoolers aged 3 ~ 6 years were included in the data analyses. A questionnaire of NQ-P, which consisted of 14 checklist items on dietary behaviors, was completed by the parents or guardians of the study subjects. The NQ-P scores and its three factors, including "balance", "moderation", and "environment" factors, were calculated according to sex, age, and weight status. Differences in the NQ-P scores and their factors according to sex, age, and weight status were tested using a student's t-test. Results: The mean NQ-P score of the total subjects was $58.5{\pm}9.2$, which was within the medium-low grade. The NQ-P score was $58.5{\pm}9.4$ in boys and $58.6{\pm}9.0$ in girls (p = 0.955). The NQ-P score was similar regardless of the age groups ($57.8{\pm}9.4$ in 3 ~ 4 years vs. $59.2{\pm}9.0$ in 5 ~ 6 years, p = 0.124), whereas subjects aged 5 ~ 6 years showed a significantly higher scores of environment factors than those aged 3 ~ 4 years ($67.9{\pm}16.8$ vs. $61.7{\pm}17.3$). The mean score of the moderation factor was lower in the overweight/obese children compared to the non-overweight/obese children ($46.6{\pm}13.3$ vs. $51.0{\pm}16.2$, p = 0.012). Compared to children aged 3 ~ 4 years, children aged 5 ~ 6 years had higher intakes of vegetable dishes and processed meat. The overweight/obese group showed a higher consumption of processed beverages than the non-overweight/obese group. Conclusion: The current study indicates that the dietary behaviors of preschoolers residing in Daejeon need to be improved. These findings suggest that nutrition education or health interventions targeting young children is necessary for improving their nutritional health status.

본 연구는 취학전아동 대상 영양지수 (Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers, NQ-P)를 이용하여 대전 지역에 거주하는 411명의 취학 전 아동을 대상으로 식행동을 평가하였다. 연구 대상자의 평균 NQ-P 점수는 $58.5{\pm}9.2$점으로, 전국 단위 조사 결과와 비교하였을 때 '중하' 등급에 해당한다. NQ-P 세 영역의 점수는 균형 영역은 $60.5{\pm}12.6$점, 절제 영역은 $50.2{\pm}15.7$점, 환경 영역은 $65.0{\pm}17.3$점으로, 각각 '중하', '중상', '중하' 등급에 해당한다. 성별에 따라 식행동을 평가하였을 때, 평균 NQ-P 점수는 남아는 $58.5{\pm}9.4$점, 여아는 $58.6{\pm}9.0$점으로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 성별에 따른 세 영역의 점수도 모두 차이가 없었다. 연령 그룹에 따라 식행동을 비교한 결과, 평균 NQ-P 점수는 만 3~4세 아동에서 $57.8{\pm}9.4$점, 만 5~6세 아동에서 $59.2{\pm}9.0$점으로 차이가 없었다. 균형과 절제 영역은 연령그룹에 따라 점수 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 환경 영역은 만 5~6세 아동이 만 3~4세 아동보다 높은 점수를 얻었다 (67.9 vs. 61.7점). 비만도에 따라 NQ-P 점수와 균형, 환경 영역의 점수는 차이가 없었으나, 절제 영역의 점수는 과체중/비만인 아동에서 낮게 나타났다 (46.6 vs. 51.0점). 만 3~4세 아동과 비교했을 때, 만 5~6세 아동이 채소 반찬, 가공 육류의 섭취가 많은 편이었고, 식사 중 돌아다니지 않고 식탁 (밥상)에 앉아서 먹는 경향이 높았다. 과체중/비만인 아동은 가공 음료의 섭취 빈도가 높은 결과를 보였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 대전에 거주하는 미취학 어린이의 식행동 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났으며, 이를 위해 효과적인 영양 교육이나 상담 등이 제공되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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