Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Evaluation of dietary habits according to breakfast consumption in Korean adolescents: based on the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013~2015

우리나라 청소년들의 아침식사 여부에 따른 식생활 상태 평가 : 2013~2015 국민 건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여

  • Kim, Hyun-Suk (Department of Nutrition, Chonbuk National University Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Ui-Suk (Department of Nutrition, Chonbuk National University Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Seon-Hyeong (Department of Nutrition, Chonbuk National University Hospital) ;
  • Cha, Youn-Soo (Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University)
  • 김현숙 (전북대학교병원 영양팀) ;
  • 이의숙 (전북대학교병원 영양팀) ;
  • 김선형 (전북대학교병원 영양팀) ;
  • 차연수 (전북대학교 생활과학대학 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2019.02.08
  • Accepted : 2019.03.14
  • Published : 2019.04.30
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Abstract

Purpose: This study examined the nutrient intake and dietary habits based on breakfast consumption in Korean adolescents. Methods: The data of the 2013 ~ 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used in this study. The analysis included 1,281 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. The subjects were divided into two groups (EBF: eating breakfast, n = 911; SBF: skipping breakfast, n = 370). Results: The EBF group was significantly younger than the SBF group. In addition, the EBF group had a significantly lower frequency of skipping dinner than the SBF group. The EBF group consumed significantly higher levels of most nutrients except for vitamin A than the SBF group. The percent of nutrient intake under the EAR (estimated average requirements) in the EBF group were also significantly lower than that in the SBF group. Moreover, the NAR (nutrient adequacy ratio) and MAR (mean adequacy ratio) of the EBF group were significantly higher than those of the SBP group. The intake of cereal, sugars and sweeteners, vegetables, and eggs in the EBF group was significantly higher than that in the SBF group. Conclusion: The habit of skipping breakfast in adolescents leads to a decrease in the total nutrient intake and imbalanced dietary habits. Breakfast consumption in adolescence is very important. Therefore, more studies will be needed to develop nutrition education systematically in Korean adolescents.

본 연구는 제 6기 2013 ~ 2015 국민건강영양조사 자료 중 12 ~ 18세 청소년을 대상으로 아침식사 여부에 따른 영양소 및 식품 섭취 상태와 식사의 질을 분석하였다. 총 1,281명이 본 연구의 대상자였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 본 연구대상자의 평균 연령은 아침식사섭취군 (EBF)과 아침식사결식군 (SBF)이 각각 14.90세와 15.45세로 아침식사결식군의 연령이 아침식사섭취군에 비해 유의적으로 높았고 (p < 0.0001), 가구 소득수준도 군간 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다 (p < 0.002). 하지만 신체계측치인 키, 체중, 체질량지수, 허리둘레는 군간 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 본 연구대상자의 식습관 조사 결과, 외식 빈도는 전체 연구대상자에서 주 5~6회가 가장 높았고 (46.1%), 그 다음 하루에 1회 (30.6%), 하루에 2회 이상 (17.7%) 순이었다. 저녁 결식 여부는 아침식사섭취군이 5.9%, 아침식사결식군이 12.1%로 아침식사결식군이 아침식사섭취군에 비해 저녁 결식 비율이 높았다. 본 연구에서 식품군별 섭취량에 대한 분석 결과, 전체 식품 섭취량은 아침식사섭취군이 아침식사결식군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다 (p < 0.0001). 또한 곡류 및 그 제품과 당류 및 그 제품 섭취량은 아침식사섭취군이 아침식사결식군보다 유의적으로 높았다. 또한, 채소류 및 난류도 아침식사섭취군이 아침식사결식군에 비해 그 섭취량이 유의적으로 높았다. 본 연구대상자의 1일 열량 섭취량은 아침식사섭취군이 아침식사결식군에 비해 유의적으로 높았고 (p < 0.0001), 1일 단백질 섭취량도 아침식사섭취군과 아침식사결식군이 각각 84.17 g, 68.46 g으로 아침식사섭취군에서 유의적으로 높았다 (p < 0.0001). 또한, 지방과 탄수화물 섭취량도 아침식사섭취군이 아침식사결식군에 유의적으로 높았으나, 에너지 대비 다량 영양소 섭취 비율에서는 지방 섭취 비율이 아침식사결식군에서 유의적으로 높았고 (p < 0.0001), 탄수화물 섭취 비율은 아침식사섭취군에서 유의적으로 높았다 (p < 0.002). 전체 연구대상자의 INQ 값 중 1 미만인 영양소는 비타민 C와 칼슘으로 나타났고, 본 연구 대상자의 평균 영양소 섭취 비율 (MAR)도 아침식사섭취군이 아침식사결식군에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며 (p < 0.0001), 영양 질적 지수(INQ) 결과 인이 아침식사섭취군이 아침식사결식군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다 (p < 0.0001). 본 연구결과를 통해 향후 청소년기의 아침결식률을 제고하기 위한 다양한 방안모색이 필요하며, 이를 과학적으로 뒷받침할 수 있는 임상연구가 시행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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