Journal of Wetlands Research (한국습지학회지)

Korean Wetlands Society (한국습지학회)
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Geochemical Characteristics of Scirpus planiculmis Habitats in Nakdong Estuary, Korea

낙동강 하구 새섬매자기 군락지 지화학 연구

  • Kim, Yunji (Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) ;
  • Kang, Jeongwon (Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) ;
  • Choi, Jae Ung (Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) ;
  • Park, Chan Mi (Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) ;
  • Woo, Han Jun (Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology)
  • Received : 2019.04.26
  • Accepted : 2019.05.10
  • Published : 2019.05.31
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Abstract

The Nakdong Estuary has experienced hydraulic and topographic changes over the last century, which have had negative effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. The population of Scirpus planiculmis, a major food plant for wintering birds in Nakdong Estuary, has decreased over the last decade. To identify factors that influence S. planiculmis population, 6 short core samples (about 30cm) were collected in June and August, 2018. The sand percentage was over 80% in every samples and the average sediment salinity in June and August were $17.8{\pm}1.12psu$ and $18.4{\pm}1.83psu$, respectively. ${\delta}^{13}C$ of sediment cores varied from -25.4‰ to -22.6‰ which fall within the estuarine particulate organic matters. In cores collected in Eulsuk area, the highest ${\delta}^{13}C$ values were observed at the surface (0~1cm) indicating inputs of marine POM (particulate organic matter) to the Nakdong Estuary. No significant difference between vegetation and non-vegetation stations was observed in every items we investigated which might indicate that the physicochemical environment of vegetation area is almost same as that of non-vegetation area. Therefore, the high sand percentage and sediment salinity of Nakdong Estuary might affect the reduction in S. planiculmis population.

낙동강 하구는 다양한 하구개발로 인해 수리 및 지형적인 변화를 겪고 있는 지역으로, 이러한 물리화학적 변화는 낙동강 하구 생태계에 영향을 주고 있다. 특히 낙동강 하구에 도래하는 겨울철새들의 주요 먹이원인 새섬매자기 군락지 및 개체수는 지난 10여년간 지속적인 감소를 보이고 있다. 낙동강 하구의 새섬매자기 개체수 감소 원인 파악을 위해 6개 정점에서 2018년 6월과 8월에 약 30cm의 주상퇴적물을 채취하였다. 퇴적물은 사질이 80% 이상으로 매우 조립하였으며, 평균 염분은 6월 $17.8{\pm}1.12psu$, 8월 $18.4{\pm}1.83psu$였다. 을숙도 퇴적물의 탄소안정동위원소비(${\delta}^{13}C$)는 평균 $-24.7{\pm}0.59$‰로 하구기원 입자성 유기물 특성을 보였다. 표층(0~1cm)에서 ${\delta}^{13}C$는 -24.0 ~ -22.6‰로 새섬매자기 뿌리와 줄기의 ${\delta}^{13}C$($-25.2{\pm}0.05$‰) 보다 다소 높았다. 이는 해양 유기물의 유입이 원인으로 판단된다. 식생지역과 비식생지역의 물리화학적 특성은 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 이를 통하여 낙동강 하구 새섬매자기 군락지 환경이 비식생 지역과 거의 동일함을 유추할 수 있다. 결론적으로 낙동강 하구 퇴적물은 조립하고 염분이 15 psu 이상으로, 새섬매자기 생육에 불리한 환경이 유지되고 있음을 유추할 수 있다. 낙동강 염분 상승은 낙동강 하구둑 방류량의 감소가 원인으로 판단되며, 낙동강 하구 염분 상승이 새섬매 자기 생산량의 점진적 감소에 영향을 주었을 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. The map of study area. MJ1 and ES11 are located in non-vegetation area and others are located in Scirpus planiculmis (S. planiculmis) vegetation area. The light gray areas are tidal flat and the dark areas are S. planiculmis habitats.

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Fig. 2. The vertical profiles of grain-size composition and mean grain size of the sediment cores collected in June, 2018. The arrows indicate control stations which is non-vegetation area.

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Fig. 3. The vertical profiles of salinity and pH of sediment cores collected in June and August, 2018.

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Fig. 5. The δ13C values of Scirpus planiculmis and sediment cores collected at sampling stations in Eulsuk island in June, 2018.

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Fig. 6. The box plot of δ13C in sediment cores and Scirpus planiculmis collected at Eulsuk island in June, 2018 together with marine and estuarine particulate organic matter (POM, ◆) by Shin et al.(2012).

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Fig. 4. (a)Annual and summer season(June~September) accumulated precipitation in Busan, (b)Annual and summer season accumulated discharge of Nakdong esturine barrage from 2005 to 2018.

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