Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Association of fruit and vegetable consumption with asthma: based on 2013-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

한국 성인 남녀의 채소, 과일 섭취와 천식 유병률의 관련성: 2013-2017 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여

  • Kim, Eun-kyung (Major in Food Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Ju, Se-Young (Major in Food Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University)
  • 김은경 (건국대학교 의료생명대학 식품학전공) ;
  • 주세영 (건국대학교 의료생명대학 식품학전공)
  • Received : 2020.03.11
  • Accepted : 2020.07.13
  • Published : 2020.08.31
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Abstract

Purpose: This study examined the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with asthma in Korean adults. Methods: Data on 16,528 adults aged 19-64 were collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The general characteristics of the subjects, daily food intake, and daily energy and nutrients intake were investigated according to fruit and vegetable consumption. All statistical analyses were conducted based on SAS software version 9.4. Results: The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma was 2.6%, and ranged between 1.8% and 3.1% depending on fruit and vegetable consumption. As fruit and vegetable consumption increased, the individuals showed a higher average age and household income, but a lower educational level, smoking rate, and frequency of alcohol consumption. The group with higher fruit and vegetable consumption had higher intakes of all food groups without milk and dairy products and energy and nutrients than the counterpart group. For the intake rate of energy, the group with higher consumption of fruit and vegetables had a higher intake rate of carbohydrate and protein and a lower intake rate of fat. The risk rate of asthma with the third quartile group regarding fruit and vegetable consumption was 35%-40% lower than that of the first quartile group. Conclusion: The results suggest that adequate consumption of fruit and vegetable will help to improve the risk of asthma. Moreover, prospective cohort studies and clinical test research are necessary to measure the effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on the occurrence of asthma.

본 연구는 2013-2017년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 만 19-64세 성인 남녀를 대상으로 채소·과일 섭취에 따른 일반적 사항과 식품 및 영양소 섭취 상태를 파악하고 채소·과일의 섭취와 천식 유병률의 관련성을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 전체 대상자의 천식 유병률은 2.6% 이었고, 채소·과일의 섭취량에 따라 1.8%-3.1%로 나타났다. 채소·과일 섭취량이 많을수록 평균 연령과 가구소득은 높았고 교육수준은 낮았으며, 흡연자의 비율과 알코올 섭취 빈도도 낮았다. 채소·과일의 섭취량이 많은 군이 우유 및 유제품을 제외한 모든 식품군의 섭취량이 많았고, 에너지를 포함한 영양소의 섭취량도 많았다. 열량영양소의 섭취비율의 경우, 채소·과일의 섭취량이 많은 군이 적은 군에 비해 탄수화물과 단백질의 섭취비율은 높고, 지방의 섭취비율은 낮았다. 채소와 과일 섭취량에 따른 3사분위군의 천식에 대한 위험도는 최하위 사분위군 대비 각각 35%, 40%까지 감소하였다. 그러나 최상위 사분위군의 경우, 최하위 사분위군과 비교하여 천식에 대한 위험도가 유의하게 감소하지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 권장량 수준의 적절한 채소·과일의 섭취가 천식을 예방 및 관리하는데 도움이 될 것이라 생각된다. 또한 채소·과일의 섭취가 천식의 발생과 치료효과에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 장기간의 코호트 연구와 임상시험 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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