Advances in concrete construction

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Influence of porosity and cement grade on concrete mechanical properties

  • Huang, Jiandong (School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology) ;
  • Alyousef, Rayed (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University) ;
  • Suhatril, Meldi (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya) ;
  • Baharom, Shahrizan (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) ;
  • Alabduljabbar, Hisham (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University) ;
  • Alaskar, Abdulaziz (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University) ;
  • Assilzadeh, Hamid (Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University)
  • Received : 2020.06.19
  • Accepted : 2020.09.26
  • Published : 2020.11.25
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Abstract

The given research focuses on examining the effect of relatively humidity (RH) and curing temperature on the hydrates as well as the porosity of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement pastes. Numerous tests, which consist of mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), thermosgravi metric (TG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted. Various characterization techniques which include, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform microscopy along with X-ray diffraction evaluations were conducted on the samples to examine phase formation and crystallinity, morphology and microstructure along with bond formations and functional groups, respectively. During long-term study, the performance of concrete which consisted of limestone and flash-calcined was close to those from standard Portland cement concrete. Traditional classifications and methods of corrosion were widely used for the assessment of steel in concrete which may get employed to concrete which contains LC3 to recalibrate the range of polarization resistance for passitivity condition. For example, there is up to 79.5% and 146% respective flexural and compressive strengths. Moreover, they developed more advance electrical and thermo-mechanical performance with a substantial reduction in absorption of water of close to 400%. These advantages allow this research crucial to evaluate how these methods can be applied. Additionally, the research evaluates developed and more advanced cement preservation and repair techniques. The conclusion suggests concerted efforts by various stakeholders such as policy makers to enable low-carbon rates.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was funded by the the Faculty Start-up Grant of China University of Mining and Technology (Grant No. 102520282). The research also supported by deanship of scientific research at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University under the Research project number 2020/01/16810.

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  76. Shariati, M., Rafiei, S., Zandi, Y., Fooladvand, R., Gharehaghaj, B., Shariat, A., Trung, N.T., Salih, M.N., Mehrabi, P. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019f), "Experimental investigation on the effect of cementitious materials on fresh and mechanical properties of self-consolidating concrete", Adv. Concrete Constr., 8(3), 225-237. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2019.8.3.225.
  77. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M. and Sinaei, H. (2012c), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of channel shear connector embedded in the lightweight aggregate concrete in composite bridge girders", Fifth International Conference on Engineering Failure Analysis, The Hague, The Netherlands, July.
  78. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2010), "Experimental and analytical study on channel shear connectors in light weight aggregate concrete", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Steel & Composite Structures, Sydney, Australia, July.
  79. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2012d), "Experimental assessment of channel shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Mater. Des., 34(0), 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.008.
  80. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Mahoutian, M. (2011a), "Shear resistance of channel shear connectors in plain, reinforced and lightweight concrete", Scientif.Res. Essay., 6(4), 977-983.
  81. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M., Shafigh, P. and Sinaei, H. (2011b), "Assessing the strength of reinforced concrete structures through Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Schmidt Rebound Hammer tests", Scientif.Res. Essay., 6(1), 213-220. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE10.879.
  82. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shariati, A. (2011c), "Experimental and numerical investigations of channel shear connectors in high strength concrete", Proceedings of the 2011 World Congress on Advances in Structural Engineering and Mechanics (ASEM'11+), Seoul, South Korea.
  83. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, A. and Khanouki, M.A. (2015), "Behavior of V-shaped angle shear connectors: experimental and parametric study", Mater. Struct., 49(9), 3909-3926. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0762-8.
  84. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, A. and Kueh, A.B.H. (2016), "Comparative performance of channel and angle shear connectors in high strength concrete composites: An experimental study", Constr. Build. Mater., 120, 382-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.102.
  85. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Sinaei, H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shafigh, P. (2011d), "Behavior of channel shear connectors in normal and light weight aggregate concrete (Experimental and analytical study)", Adv. Mater. Res., 168, 2303-2307. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.168-170.2303.
  86. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Sinaei, H. (2013), "Comparison of behaviour between channel and angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading", Constr. Build. Mater., 38, 582-593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.050.
  87. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad, K.M.M. and Sinaei, H. (2012e), "Behaviour of C-shaped angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading: An experimental study", Mater. Des., 41, 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.04.039.
  88. Shariati, M., Shariati, A., Sulong, N.R., Suhatril, M. and Khanouki, M.A. (2014b), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of angle shear connectors embedded in high strength concrete", Eng. Fail. Anal., 41, 124-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.02.017.
  89. Shariati, M., Tahir, M.M., Wee, T.C., Shah, S.N.R., Jalali, A., Abdullahi, M.M. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Experimental investigations on monotonic and cyclic behavior of steel pallet rack connections", Eng. Fail. Anal., 85, 149-166 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.08.014.
  90. Shariati, M., Tahmasbi, F., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A. and Toghroli, A. (2020j), "Monotonic behavior of C and L shaped angle shear connectors within steel-concrete composite beams: an experimental investigation", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(2), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.2.237.
  91. Shariati, M., Toghroli, A., Jalali, A. and Ibrahim, Z. (2017). "Assessment of stiffened angle shear connector under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading", Fifth International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering - CSM 2017, Zurich, Switzerland.
  92. Shariati, M., Trung, N.T., Wakil, K., Mehrabi, P., Safa, M. and Khorami, M. (2019g), "Estimation of moment and rotation of steel rack connections using extreme learning machine", Steel Compos. Struct., 31(5), 427-435. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.5.427.
  93. Shariati, M., Trung, N.T., Wakil, K., Mehrabi, P., Safa, M. and Khorami, M. (2019h), "Moment-rotation estimation of steel rack connection using extreme learning machine", Steel Compos. Struct., 31(5), 427-435. https://doi.org/10.12989/SCS.2019.31.5.427
  94. Sinaei, H., Jumaat, M.Z. and Shariati, M. (2011), "Numerical investigation on exterior reinforced concrete Beam-Column joint strengthened by composite fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 6(28), 6572-6579. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1225.
  95. Sinaei, H., Shariati, M., Abna, A., Aghaei, M. and Shariati, A. (2012), "Evaluation of reinforced concrete beam behaviour using finite element analysis by ABAQUS", Scientif. Res. Essay., 7(21), 2002-2009. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE11.1393.
  96. Suhatril, M., Osman, N., Sari, P.A., Shariati, M. and Marto, A. (2018), "Significance of surface eco-protection techniques for cohesive soils slope in Selangor, Malaysia", Geotech. Geolog. Eng., 37(5), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0740-3.
  97. Tahmasbi, F., Maleki, S., Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Tahir, M.M. (2016), "Shear capacity of C-shaped and L-shaped angle shear connectors", PLoS One, 11(8), e0156989. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156989.
  98. Toghroli, A., Mehrabi, P., Shariati, M., Trung, N.T., Jahandari, S. and Rasekh, H. (2020), "Evaluating the use of recycled concrete aggregate and pozzolanic additives in fiber-reinforced pervious concrete with industrial and recycled fibers", Constr. Build. Mater., 252, 118997 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118997.
  99. Toghroli, A., Mohammadhassani, M., Suhatril, M., Shariati, M. and Ibrahim, Z. (2014), "Prediction of shear capacity of channel shear connectors using the ANFIS model", Steel Compos. Struct., 17(5), 623-639. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2014.17.5.623.
  100. Toghroli, A., Shariati, M., Karim, M.R. and Ibrahim, Z. (2017), "Investigation on composite polymer and silica fume-rubber aggregate pervious concrete", Fifth International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering - CSM 2017, Zurich, Switzerland.
  101. Toghroli, A., Shariati, M., Sajedi, F., Ibrahim, Z., Koting, S., Tonnizam Mohamad, E. and Khorami, M. (2018a), "A review on pavement porous concrete using recycled waste materials", Smart Struct. Syst., 22(4), 433-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.4.433.
  102. Toghroli, A., Suhatril, M., Ibrahim, Z., Safa, M., Shariati, M. and Shamshirband, S. (2018b), "Potential of soft computing approach for evaluating the factors affecting the capacity of steel-concrete composite beam", J. Intel. Manuf., 29(8), 1793-1801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-016-1217-y.
  103. Trung, N.T., Alemi, N., Haido, J.H., Shariati, M., Baradaran, S. and Yousif, S.T. (2019a), "Reduction of cement consumption by producing smart green concretes with natural zeolites", Smart Struct. Syst., 24(3), 415-425. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.24.3.415.
  104. Trung, N.T., Shahgoli, A.F., Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Wakil, K., Safa, M. and Khorami, M. (2019b), "Moment-rotation prediction of precast beam-to-column connections using extreme learning machine", Struct. Eng. Mech., 70(5), 639-647. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.70.5.639.
  105. Vakili, S.E., Homami, P. and Esfahani, M.R. (2019), "Effect of fibers and hybrid fibers on the shear strength of lightweight concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars", Struct., 20, 290-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2019.04.006.
  106. Wei, X., Shariati, M., Zandi, Y., Pei, S., Jin, Z., Gharachurlu, S., Abdullahi, M., Tahir, M. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Distribution of shear force in perforated shear connectors", Steel Compos. Struct., 27(3), 389-399. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.3.389.
  107. Xie, Q., Sinaei, H., Shariati, M., Khorami, M., Mohamad, E.T. and Bui, D.T. (2019), "An experimental study on the effect of CFRP on behavior of reinforce concrete beam column connections", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(5), 433-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.5.433.
  108. Yazdani, M., Kabirifar, K., Frimpong, B.E., Shariati, M., Mirmozaffari, M. and Boskabadi, A. (2020), "Improving construction and demolition waste collection service in an urban area using a simheuristic approach: A case study in Sydney, Australia", J. Clean. Prod., 124138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124138.
  109. Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Marto, A., Wei, X., Karaca, Z., Dao, D., Toghroli, A., Hashemi, M.H., Sedghi, Y. and Wakil, K. (2018), "Computational investigation of the comparative analysis of cylindrical barns subjected to earthquake", Steel Compos. Struct., 28(4), 439-447. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.28.4.439.

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