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Review on Adaptability of Rice Varieties and Cultivation Technology According to Climate Change in Korea

기후변화에 따른 국내 벼 품종과 재배기술의 적응성에 관한 고찰

  • Seo, Myung-Chul (Crop Physiology and Production, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Joon Hwan (Crop Physiology and Production, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choi, Kyeong Jin (Crop Physiology and Production, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Yun-Ho (Crop Physiology and Production, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Sang, Wan-Gyu (Crop Physiology and Production, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Cho, Hyeon Suk (Crop Physiology and Production, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Cho, Jung-Il (Crop Physiology and Production, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Shin, Pyeong (Crop Physiology and Production, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Baek, Jae Kyeong (Crop Physiology and Production, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 서명철 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 작물재배생리과) ;
  • 김준환 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 작물재배생리과) ;
  • 최경진 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 작물재배생리과) ;
  • 이윤호 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 작물재배생리과) ;
  • 상완규 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 작물재배생리과) ;
  • 조현숙 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 작물재배생리과) ;
  • 조정일 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 작물재배생리과) ;
  • 신평 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 작물재배생리과) ;
  • 백재경 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 작물재배생리과)
  • Received : 2020.10.18
  • Accepted : 2020.11.06
  • Published : 2020.12.01

Abstract

In recent years, the temperature of Korea has been rapidly increasing due to global warming. Over the past 40 years, the temperature of Korea has risen by about 1.26℃ compared to that in the early 1980s. By region, the west region of the Gangwon Province was the highest at 1.76℃ and the Jeonnam Province was the lowest at 0.96℃. As the temperature continues to rise, it is expected that the rice yield will decrease in the future using the current standard cultivation method. As a result of global warming, the periods in which rice cultivation could be possible in regions each year has increased compared those to the past, showing a wide variety from 110 days in Taebaek to 180 days in Busan and Gwangyang. In addition, the transplanting time was delayed by 3-5 days in all regions. The average annual yield of rice showed an increasing trend when we analyzed the average productivities of developed varieties for cooked rice since the 1980s, especially in the early 1990s, which showed a rapid increase in productivity. The relationship between the average temperature at the time of development and the rice yield was divided into the periods before and after 1996. The higher the average temperature, the lower the yield of the developed varieties until 1996. However, since 1996, the increase in the average temperature did not show a trend in the productivity of the developed varieties. The climate change adaptability of developed rice varieties was investigated by analyzing the results of growing crops nationwide from 1999 to 2016 and the change in the annual yields of developed varieties and recently developed varieties as basic data to investigate the growth status of the crops in the country. As a result of annual comparisons of the yields of Taebongbyeo (2000) and Ungwangbyeo (2004) developed in the early 2000s for Odaebyeo, which was developed in the 1980s, the annual yields were relatively higher in varieties in the 2000s despite the increase in temperature. The annual yields of Samgwangbyeo (2003) and Saenuribyeo (2007), which were recently developed as mid-late-type varieties, were higher than those of an earlier developed variety called Chucheongbyeo, which was developed in the 1970s. Despite the rapid increase in temperature, rice cultivation technology and variety development are well adapted to climate change. However, since the biological potential of rice could reach its limit, it is necessary to develop continuous response technology.

최근 한국의 기온은 지구 온난화로 인해 급격히 상승하고 있으며 지난 40년 동안 한국의 기온은 1980년대 초에 비해 약 1.26℃ 상승했습니다. 지역 별로는 강원도 서부 지역이 1.76℃로 가장 높았고 전남도가 0.96℃로 가장 낮았다. 기온이 계속 상승함에 따라 현재의 표준 재배 방법으로 쌀 수확량이 감소할 것으로 전망되고 있다. 지구 온난화로 지역에서 매년 벼농사를 할 수 있는 기간이 과거에 비해 증가하여 태백시 110일에서 부산과 광양의 180일까지 지역별 다양한 모습을 보이고 있다. 또한 모든 지역에서 2000년 이전에 비해 이앙 시기가 3-5일 지연되는 것으로 분석되었다. 쌀의 연평균 생산량은 1980년대 이후 밥쌀용 품종의 평균 생산량을 분석했을 때 증가 추세를 보였으며 특히 1990년대 초반에 개발된 품종들의 생산성이 급격히 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 생육기간 평균 기온과 벼 수확량의 관계는 1996년 전후로 크게 구분되었다. 평균 기온이 높을수록 개발 품종의 수확량은 1996년까지는 낮아졌으나 1996년 이후 평균 기온은 개발된 품종의 생산성 추세를 나타내지 않았습니다. 1999년부터 2016년까지 전국의 작물 재배 결과와 개발 품종 및 최근 개발 품종의 연간 수확량 변화를 분석하여 개발 된 벼 품종의 기후 변화 적응성을 평가하기 위하여 국내 작물의 생육 현황을 조사한 결과 2000년대 초반에 개발된 조생종 태봉벼(2000)와 운광벼(2004)와 1980년대에 개발한 오대벼의 연간 생산량을 비교 한 결과 기온 상승에도 불구하고 2000년대에 개발된 품종이 상대적으로 수량성이 높게 나타났다. 최근 중만생종으로 개발된 삼광벼 (2003)와 새누리벼(2007)의 연간 생산성은 1970년대에 개발된 추청벼와 같은 초기 개발 품종보다 높았다. 빠르고 지속적인 기온 상승에도 불구하고 벼 재배 기술과 품종 개발은 기후 변화에 잘 적응하여 지속적으로 개발되고 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 그러나 벼의 생물학적 잠재력은 한계에 도달할 수 있고 특히 이상기상의 빈도와 강도가 온난화와 동반하여 발생하고 있어 지속적인 대응 기술 개발이 필요하다.

Keywords

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