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An Outlook on Cereal Grains Production in South Korea Based on Crop Growth Simulation under the RCP8.5 Climate Change Scenarios

RCP8.5 기후조건의 작물생육모의에 근거한 우리나라 곡물생산 전망

  • Kim, Dae-Jun (National Center for Agro-Meteolorogy, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Soo-Ock (National Center for Agro-Meteolorogy, Seoul National University) ;
  • Moon, Kyung-Hwan (Agricultural Research Center for Climate Change, NIHHS, RDA) ;
  • Yun, Jin-I. (College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University)
  • 김대준 ((재)국가농림기상센터) ;
  • 김수옥 ((재)국가농림기상센터) ;
  • 문경환 (국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구센터) ;
  • 윤진일 (경희대학교 식물환경신소재공학과)
  • Received : 2012.08.28
  • Accepted : 2012.09.24
  • Published : 2012.09.30

Abstract

Climate change impact assessment of cereal crop production in South Korea was performed using land attributes and daily weather data at a farm scale as inputs to crop models. Farmlands in South Korea were grouped into 68 crop-simulation zone units (CZU) based on major mountains and rivers as well as existing land use information. Daily weather data at a 1-km grid spacing under the A1B- and RCP8.5 scenarios were generated stochastically to obtain decadal mean of daily data. These data were registered to the farmland grid cells and spatially averaged to represent climate conditions in each CZU. Monthly climate data for each decade in 2001~2100 were transformed to 30 sets of daily weather data for each CZU by using a stochastic weather generator. Soil data and crop management information for 68 CZU were used as inputs to the CERES-rice, CERE-barley and CROPGRO-soybean models calibrated to represent the genetic features of major domestic cultivars in South Korea. Results from the models suggested that the heading or flowering of rice, winter barley and soybean could be accelerated in the future. The grain-fill period of winter barley could be extended, resulting in much higher yield of winter barley in most CZUs than that of rice. Among the three major cereal grain crops in Korea, rice seems most vulnerable to negative impact of climate change, while little impact of climate change is expected on soybeans. Because a positive effect of climate change is projected for winter barley, policy in agricultural production should pay more attention to facilitate winter barley production as an adaptation strategy for the national food security.

본 연구는 기존 연구에서 주로 사용된 A1B와 최근 국가표준으로 채택된 RCP8.5 기반 미래 기후전망 등 두 가지를 이용하되, 실제 농작물이 재배되고 있는 농지단위의 속성정보를 작물모형에 적용시키고, 확률추정기법에 의해 연차변이를 부여한 10년 간격 일 기상자료에 의해 발육단계와 잠재수량 변화 추세를 도출함으로써 보다 현실성 있는 영향평가방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 남한 전역을 산맥, 하천, 집수역에 근거하여 68개의 작물재배구역(CZU)로 분류하고, 1km 격자간격의 10년 단위(2011-2100) 월별 남한 미래기후 시나리오 자료로부터 농경지에 해당하는 격자의 일 최저, 최고기온, 강수량의 월별 평균자료를 추출하였다. 농경지격자 월별 기후자료를 CZU별로 요약하고 그 공간평균값을 확률추정기법에 의해 10년 단위기간 별 30세트씩의 일별 기상자료로 변환하였다. 농촌진흥청 토양 전자지도로부터 발췌한 토양정보와 4대 권역 별 표준재배법을 적용하여 10년 단위기간의 일 기상조건 30세트에 대해 쌀, 보리, 콩 국내 주요 품종의 생육과 수량을 CERES-Rice, CERES-Barley, CROPGRO-Soybean에 의해 모의하였다. 모의결과에 의하면 모든 작목에서 기후변화에 의해 개화기(출수기)가 앞당겨지나, 연차변이는 보리와 콩에서 감소한 반면 벼에서는 증가하였다. 조기 출수에도 불구하고 보리의 종실 등숙기간은 조금 연장되었으며, 콩에서는 변동이 적었고 벼에서만 단축되었으며, 등숙기간의 연차변이는 모든 작목에서 감소추세를 보였다. 벼의 수량은 모든 품종에서 줄어들 것으로 예상되었지만, 보리의 수량은 모든 품종에서 크게 늘어나고 콩에서는 큰 변동이 없을 것으로 예상되었다. 전국의 모든 농경지에 벼를 재배한다고 가정하면 쌀(현미)의 잠재생산량은 2000년대 현재 14,863,633톤이지만 2090년대에는 11,734,019톤으로 줄어들지만, 보리를 재배한다면 현재의 잠재생산량 9,452,416톤이 미래에는 16,972,537톤으로 크게 증가하여 쌀 생산량을 추월하게 된다. 전체적으로 기후변화의 부정적 영향은 벼에서 가장 현저하며, 콩은 영향이 덜하고, 보리에서는 오히려 긍정적인 영향이 예상되므로 곡물생산 부문의 기후변화 대응전략의 하나로서 중부이북 지방에서도 보리재배에 적극적인 관심을 가져야 할 필요성이 있다.

Keywords

References

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