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Exploring Elementary Teacher's Challenges with the Perspective of Structure and Agency When Implementing Social Action-Oriented SSI Education Classes

사회적 실천지향 SSI 수업을 시행하면서 직면하는 초등 교사의 어려움 탐색 -구조와 행위주체성 관점에서-

  • Received : 2021.03.26
  • Accepted : 2021.04.27
  • Published : 2021.04.30

Abstract

As the global climate change emergency is escalating, the need for 'Social Action-Oriented SSI (SAO-SSI) on climate change topics' in science education that can change society through social activity is increasing. By employing sociocultural theory, this study explores the challenges of limiting teacher's agency in implementing SAO-SSI on climate change topics in science education. Data from participant observation for 46 lessons, in-depth interviews with participants, field notes, and teacher reflection notes were analyzed by the structure of into micro- (classrooms), meso- (school), and macro- (Korea society) level. At the micro-level, the teacher's new attempts of SAO-SSI on climate change topics class made it difficult for him to identify students' understanding of climate change, because they have a low sense of perception that climate change is also their problem. In addition, the teacher had difficulties leading students' into an engagement for social action because students were skeptical about the feasibility of planned social behavior by positioning themselves as children or had difficulty in understanding social action and sympathizing with its values. At the meso-level, a school culture that encourages the implementation of a curriculum similar to that of colleagues, it was difficult to implement one's own curriculum. And it was difficult to develop expertise without the support and communications with colleagues who revealed the burden of unfamiliar science topics of climate change. In addition, conflicts arose in the process of implementing out-of-school social actions with the principal's passive support. At the macro-level, the insufficient proper material resources for SAO-SSI on climate change topics class, and negative perceptions on the students' social action in the society were acting as constraints. We offer implications for what kind of structural support and efforts from various subjects in the educational community should be provided to implement SAO-SSI on climate change topics class in science education.

전 지구적으로 기후변화 위기 상황이 고조되고 있는 오늘날 사회적 행동을 통해 사회를 변화시킬 수 있는 '기후변화를 주제로 한 사회적 실천지향 SSI 교육'의 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 사회문화적 관점을 바탕으로, 기후변화를 주제로 한 사회적 실천지향 SSI 수업을 실행하는 과정에서 직면하는 교사의 어려움이 무엇인지 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 46차시 동안 진행된 수업에 대한 질적 단일 사례연구를 진행하였으며, 연구 참여자와의 심층 면담, 교사 성찰일지, 수업 동영상, 학생 면담, 학습 결과물, 참여 관찰일지 등과 같은 질적 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 실천적-평가적 차원의 구조를 micro(교실), meso (학교), macro (한국 사회) 장으로 나누어 분석하였다. 연구 결과 micro 장에서 새로운 시도의 수업으로 인해 기후변화에 대한 학생들의 이해나 인식을 파악하기 힘들었으며 특히 학생들이 기후변화를 나의 문제라고 인식하는 주인의식을 가지는 데 어려움이 있어 교사가 원하는 방향으로 수업이 이루어지지 않았다. 또한, 학생들은 스스로를 어린이로 위치 지으며 계획한 사회적 행동의 실현 가능성에 대해 회의적이거나, 사회적 행동을 이해하지 못하고 그 가치에 대해 공감하는 데 어려움을 겪어 학습 목표를 성취시키는 데 어려움이 있었다. meso 장에서는 동학년 교사와 교육과정을 비슷하게 운영해야 하는 학교 문화 속에서 교사만의 교육과정을 운영하는 데 어려움을 겪었다. 또한, 기후변화 수업이라는 낯선 과학 수업 주제에 대한 부담을 드러내는 동료 교사들과 소통이 단절된 채 교육과정을 홀로 운영하는 과정에서 전문성을 키워나가는 데 어려움을 겪었다. 관리자 역시 사회적 행동에 대한 소극적인 지원을 하여 학교 밖으로 사회적 행동을 실행하는 과정에서 갈등 상황에 직면하였다. 마지막으로 macro 장에서는 본 수업의 교수학습을 지원하는 물적 자원이 미흡하였으며, 학생들의 사회적 행동에 대한 사회구성원들의 제한된 시각이 교수학습상황의 거시적 제약조건으로 작용하고 있었다. 분석을 위해 유목화된 각 장의 제약조건들은 실제로는 독립적이고 분절적인 요소가 아닌 상호 간에 영향을 미치며 복합적인 그물망을 형성하며 구조적 제약조건을 형성하고 있었다. 이에 본 연구 결과를 통해 기후변화를 주제로 한 사회적 실천지향 SSI 수업을 실행하는데 교육 공동체 여러 주체의 다층적인 지원과 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.

Keywords

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