DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Relation Between Nutritional Factors and Bone Status by Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation among College Students

대학생의 골초음파 상태에 영향을 미치는 영양요인 분석

  • Kwon, Se-Mi (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Lee, Byung-Kook (Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Hee-Seon (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University)
  • 권세미 (순천향대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이병국 (환경산업의학연구소) ;
  • 김희선 (순천향대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2009.11.30

Abstract

The management of skeletal health in the twenties is the number one priority for preventing fracture or osteoporosis occurrence in later life cycle. Therefore, the factors influencing bone mineral density were examined by anthropometric measurements, food intakes, bone mineral density and biochemical nutritional indexes in blood among college students. Among the students who received health examinations from May to December, 2007, 532 male and 507 female students who agreed to participate in the study were selected. Nutritional intakes were estimated with 3-day 24-hour recall method. Bone mineral density was measured by ultrasonic attenuation passing through right calcaneus bone and expressed as broadband ultrasound attenuation and t-score was calculated by WHO criteria. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit values were measured by whole blood analysis, and alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium and serum iron were used as indexes for biochemical nutritional status. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 14.0 program, and protecting and risk factors on bone health status were analyzed by logistic regression analysis between normal bone health group (t-score$\underline{\geq}$ -1.0) and osteopenia group (t-score<-1.0). The results showed that more people belong to the normal bone health group probably because this study was conducted among those with their peak bone density. Biochemical nutritional status and nutrition intakes of both groups for normal and osteopenia did not show statistically significant difference except MCHC, animal protein and animal iron intakes in female. According to the results of logistic regression analyses, dietary intakes of animal protein, animal iron and zinc showed protecting effects against osteopenia. Therefore, dietary nutritional intakes of micronutrients, especially iron and zinc are important for bone health of young people.

본 연구는 최대 골질량에 도달하는 20대의 대학생 1039명(남학생 532명, 여학생 507명)을 대상으로 골초음파 상태와 영양소 섭취 및 생화학적 영양 상태를 나타내는 지표들과의 관계를 분석하였다. 대상자의 골밀도 수치에 따라 t-score$\underline{\geq}$-1인 정상 골밀도군과 t-score<-1 골감소군으로 분류하여 비교한 결과 남학생의 경우 정상 골밀도군이 90.4%, 골감소군이 9.6%이며 여학생의 경우 정상 골밀도군이 94.1%, 골감소군이 5.9%의 분포를 보였다. 체적지표인 BMI를 아시아-태평양 비만기준에 의거하여 분리하였을 때는 남학생은 저체중 3.4%, 정상+과체중 70.7%, 비만 25.9%, 여학생은 저체중 16.2%, 정상+과체중 76.5%, 비만 7.3%의 분포를 보였다. 정상 골밀도군과 골감소군의 골밀도와 생화학적 영양 상태는 남학생 여학생 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 전체대상자들의 영양소 섭취상태를 살펴 본 결과, 남학생의 경우 정상 골밀도군과 골감소군 간의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 여학생의 경우 동물성 단백질과 동물성 철분 섭취량이 정상 골밀도군에서 골감소군보다 유의하게 높았다. 평균 에너지 섭취량은 동일한 연령대의 한국인영양섭취기준(KDRIs)과 비교하였을 때, 각 남학생 정상골밀도군 약 74%, 골감소군 67%, 여학생 정상골밀도군 약 89%, 골감소군 81%의 섭취수준을 나타내었다. 평균 단백질섭취량은 남녀 두 군 모두 100%를 상회하는 섭취 양상을 나타냈으며, 강한 뼈를 유지하거나 각종 신진대사에 필수적인 영양소이기 때문에 골격건강에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 칼슘의 경우 남학생과 여학생 모두 KDRIs와 비교하여 권장섭취기준의 약 63%정도로 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 골 건강 상태에 영향을 미치는 영양인자의 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 연령, 성별 및 BMI를 교란변수로 통제하였을 경우 동물성 단백질, 동물성 철분 및 아연섭취는 골감소를 예방하는 보호 작용이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 동물성 단백질과 이들 미량 영양소의 섭취정도는 높은 식사의 질을 반영하므로 질적으로 우수한 식생활이 최대 골질량에 도달하는 시기인 20대의 골격형성과 건강을 위해 필수적인 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Chung H.Y. 2008. Choice of geriatric osteoporosis treatment. Korean J Clin Geriatrics 9: 309-314
  2. Heaney R.P, Gallagher J.C, Johnston C.C, Neer R, Parfitt A.M, Bchir M.B, Whedon G.D. 1982. Calcium nutrition and bone health in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 36: 986-1013 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/36.5.986
  3. Raisz L.G. 1988. Local and systemic factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 318: 318-818
  4. Choi J.H, Kim S.K. 2008. Comparison of the dietary factors between normal and osteopenia groups by bone mineral density in Korean female college students. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37: 869-878 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.7.869
  5. Barnard N.D, Sclalli A.R, Jurlock D, Bertron P. 2000. Diet and sex-hormone binding globulin, dysmenorrhea, and premenopausal symptoms. Obest Gynccol 95: 245-250 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00525-6
  6. Heaney R.P. 1987. The role of nutrition in prevention and management of osteoporosis. Clin Obst Gynecol 30: 833-850 https://doi.org/10.1097/00003081-198712000-00007
  7. Son S.M, Lee Y.N. 1998. Bone densities of the middle aged women residing in the city and related factors 2. Study on the factors affecting bone densities of middle aged women. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 27: 1279-1284
  8. Arnold J.S. 1973. Amount and quality of trabecular bone in osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Clin Endo Mcta 2: 221-238 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-595X(73)80041-6
  9. Heaney R.P, Recker R.R, Saville P.D. 1977. Calcium balance and calcium requirements in middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr 30: 1603-1611 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/30.10.1603
  10. Korea National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey. 2006. Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs
  11. Korea Nutrition Society. 2005. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans
  12. Garmero P, Delmas P.D. 1996. New developments in biochemical markers of osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 59: 2-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002239900168
  13. Podenphant J, Johansen J.S, Thomsen K. 1987. Bone turnover in spinal osteoporosis. J Bone Min Res 2: 497-503 https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650020606
  14. Sung C.J, Choi Y.H, Kim M.H, Choi S.H, Cho K.O. 2002. A study of nutrient intake and serum levels of osteocalcin, Ca, P and Mg and their correlation to bone mineral density in Korean postmenopausal women residing in rural areas. Korean J Commu Nutr 7: 111-120
  15. Lee H.J, Lee H.O. 1999. A study on the bone mineral density and related factors in Korean menopausal women. Korean J Nutr 32: 197-203
  16. Geusens P, Dequeker T, Verstraten A. 1986. Age-sex and menopause related changes of vertebral and peripheral bone. a population study using DEXA. J Nuclear Med 27: 1540-1549
  17. Cho D.S, Lee J.Y. 2008. Bone mineral density and factors affecting in female college student. Korean J Women Health Nurs 14: 297-305 https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2008.14.4.297
  18. Yu C.H, Lee Y.S, Lee J.S. 1998. Some factors affection bone density of Korean college women. Korean J Nutr 31: 36-45
  19. Choi Y.J, Lim R, La S.H, Choi M.K. 2006. Correlation between nutrient intakes and bone mineral density in carpus of female university students. J Korean Diet Assoc 12: 10-17
  20. Lee Y.S. 2005. Effects of nutrient intake of college women in the Daegu area on body content and bone mineral density. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 15: 655-662
  21. Choi M.K, Sung C.J, Kim M.H. 2000. Relation among calcium intake, bone metabolism parameters, serum protein and lipids of female college students in Chungnam. J Korean Diet Assoc 6: 108-116
  22. Song Y.J, Paik H.Y. 2003. Effects of dietary, biochemical and other factors on bone mineral density change for 2 years in Korean college women. Korean J Nutr 36: 175-182
  23. Kim M.S, Koo J.O. 2008. Comparative analysis of food habits and bone density risk factors between normal and risk women living in the Seoul area. J Community Nutr 13: 125-133
  24. Oh J.J, Hong E.S, Baik I.K, Lee H.S, Lim H.S. 1996. Effects of dietary calcium, protein, and phosphorus intakes on bone mineral density in Korean premenopausal women. Korean J Nutr 29: 59-69
  25. Kim H.J. 2003. Research on relation of nutrients intake, health status, and bone mineral density in middle-aged women. J Korean Diet Assoc 9: 307-315
  26. Lim J.H, Bae H.S, Lee S.M, Ahn H.S. 2008. Dietary and non-dietary factors related to bone mineral density in female college students. J Community Nutr 13: 418-425
  27. Sung C.J, Baek S.K, Lee H.S, Kim M.H, Choi S.H, Lee S.Y, Lee D.H. 2001. A study of body anthropometry and dietary factors affecting bone mineral density in Korean pre- and post-menopausal women. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 30: 159-167
  28. Strause L, Saltman P, Smith K.T, Bracker M, Andon M.B. 1994. Spinal bone loss in postmenopausal women supplemented with calcium and trace minerals. J Nutr 124: 1060-1064 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/124.7.1060
  29. Angus R.M, Sambrook P.N, Pocock N.A, Eisman J.A. 1988. Dietary intake and bone mineral density. Bon Miner 4: 265-277
  30. Bae Y.J, Sung C.J. 2005. A comparison between postmenopausal osteoporotic women and normal women of their nutrient intakes and the evaluation of diet quality. J Comm Nutr 10: 205-215
  31. Abelow B.J, Holford T.R, Insogna K.L. 1992. Cross-cultural association between dietary animal protein and hip fracture: a hypothesis. Calcif Tissue Int 50: 14-18 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00297291
  32. Metz J.A, Anderson J.J, Gallagher P.N. 1993. Intakes of calcium, phosphorus, and protein, and physical activity level are related to radial bone mass in young adult women. Am J Clin Nutr 58: 537-542 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/58.4.537

Cited by

  1. Bone Mineral Density, Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers and Factors associated with Bone Health in Young Korean Women vol.44, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.504
  2. Comparison of Musculoskeletal Characteristics and Bone Mineral Density Related Factors between Male and Female University Students vol.20, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5953/JMJH.2013.20.3.161
  3. A Comparison of Various Energy and Protein Concentrations in Diets on the Performance, Bone Mineral Density and Blood Characteristics of Broiler Chicks vol.40, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5536/KJPS.2013.40.4.369
  4. Relationship between Urine Cadmium and Bone Mineral Density of Residents Around Abandoned Metal Mines vol.38, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2012.38.4.323
  5. Effect of Feeding Mugwort (Artemisia capillaris) TMR Fodder on Nutritional Composition of Hanwoo Beef vol.21, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2011.21.4.568
  6. Relationship between Bone Density, Eating Habit, and Nutritional Intake in College Students vol.25, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.11005/jbm.2018.25.3.181
  7. 일 지역 중국인 유학생의 영양소 섭취 상태, 체질량지수와 우울의 관계 vol.22, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.7586/jkbns.2020.22.2.81