DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Antioxidant Activity of Solvent Fractions from Cultivated and Wild Gromwell

재배와 야생 지치의 추출물과 용매별 분획물의 항산화효과

  • Kim, Jin-Sook (Dept. of Agrofood Resources National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kang, Myung-Hwa (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University)
  • 김진숙 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 강명화 (호서대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2010.03.02
  • Accepted : 2010.05.20
  • Published : 2010.06.30

Abstract

In order to set up an accurate quality criteria for the Boraginaceae that have been traditionally used for medical purposes and food colorant, and to assess its viability as functional food ingredient, antioxidant tests were conducted on the wild and cultivated plants. Variety of indicators including total contents of phenol, DPPH, SOD-liked effect, hydroxy radical-scavenging effect, lecithin oxidation inhibitory effect, etc were analyzed. Wild and cultivated gromwell's total contents of phenol in their methanol extracts were 0.14% and 0.13%, while they were most active in ethyl acetate extracts and n-hexane extracts, respectively. $IC_{50}$ values of methanol extract of the wild and cultivated plants were 794.41 ${\mu}g$/mL and 971.86 ${\mu}g$/mL, indicating that the wild plant is more responsive (p<0.05) to low concentration. Also the wild and cultivated plants were most active in ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane extracts when their $IC_{50}$ values were measured by each solvent extracts. SOD-liked effects of both plants were concentration dependent while methanol extracts were more active (p<0.05) in 500 ${\mu}g$/mL than other solvent extracts. Hydroxy radical-scavenging effect of both plants showed less than 50% activity in concentration of 1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL except in chloroform fraction and n-hexane fraction. Lecithin oxidation inhibitory effects of the wild and cultivated plants were active in methanol and solvent extracts of 200~1000 ${\mu}g$/mL. Especially it showed 90% of high inhibitory effect in 1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL of chloroform fraction. Hence, both wild and cultivated Boraginaceae were analyzed to be viable as functional food ingredient.

식품의 색소원 및 약용으로 사용되어 오던 지치과 식물에 대한 정확한 품질지표를 마련하고자 재배방법이 다른 야생과 재배 지치에 대한 산화제거 물질과 관계되는 총 페놀 화합물 함량, 전자공여능, SOD 유사활성, hydroxy radical 소거능, lecithin oxidation 저해활성 등의 항산화능을 조사하였다. 지치의 methanol 추출물에 대한 총 페놀 함량은 야생지치 0.14%, 재배 지치 0.13%이었고 용매별 분획물에 있어서 가장 높은 활성을 나타낸 것은 야생 지치의 경우 ethyl acetate 분획물, 재배 지치의 경우 n-hexane 분획물이었다. 지치의 methanol 추출물에 있어서 DPPH radical 50% 저해효과인 $IC_{50}$은 야생 지치 794.41 ${\mu}g$/mL, 재배 지치 971.86 ${\mu}g$/mL로서 야생 지치가 재배 지치보다 적은 농도에서 높은 활성을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 또한 용매별 분획물의 $IC_{50}$에 있어, 야생 지치는 ethyl acetate 분획층, 재배 지치는 nhexane 분획물에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 또한 야생과 재배 지치의 SOD 활성 효과는 10~500 ${\mu}g$/mL 농도에서 의존적인 활성을 나타내었고 특히 메탄올 추출물은 농도 500 ${\mu}g$/mL에서는 다른 용매 분획물보다도 높은 활성을 나타내었다. Hydroxy radical 소거 활성은 야생과 재배 지치모두 1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL 농도에서 chloroform 분획층과 n-hexane 분획층을 제외하고 50% 이하의 가장 낮은 활성을 나타내었다. 마지막으로 lecithin 산화저해 활성은 야생과 재배 지치의 메탄올과 용매별 분획물의 농도 200~1000 ${\mu}g$/mL에서 높은 활성을 나타내었고 특히 농도 1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL의 chloroform 층에서는 90% 내외의 높은 제어효과를 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로 야생과 재배 지치 모두 항산화성을 가지는 기능성식품으로서의 활용 가능성이 높을 것으로 분석되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Hsu HY, Chen YP, Hong M. 1982. The chemical constitutes of oriental herbs. Oriental Healing Arts Institute, CA, USA, p 170.
  2. Kim JS, Han YS, Kang MH. 2006. Identification of shikonin and its derivatives from Lithospermum erythrorhizon.Korean J Food Sci Technol 35: 177-181. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.2.177
  3. Sugimura T, Sato S. 1983. Mutagens-carcinogens in foods.Cancer Res 43: 2415-2421.
  4. Dees C, Askari M, Garrett S, Gehers K, Henley D, ArdiesCM. 1997. Estrogenic and DNA-damaging activity of Red No 3 in human breast cancer cells. Environmental Health Perspectives 105: 625-632. https://doi.org/10.2307/3433381
  5. Kim AN. 1999. Anticancer effect of Lithospermum erythorhizon against L1210 cell in relation with catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. MS Thesis. Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea. p 30-56.
  6. Song GY, Lee HJ, Khil JH, Kim SH. 2002. Study on 2-thio-DMNQ-S160, A derivative of shikonin antitumor constituent of Lithospermum erythorhizon. Korean J OrientalPhysiology & Pathology 16: 542-546.
  7. Zheng XG, Jin GZ, Song GY, Hoon C, Ahn BZ. 1998.Haloacetylshikonin derivatives: synthesis and evaluation ofantitumor activity. J Pharm Soc Korea 42: 159-164.
  8. Cho H, Chung YS, Bang MS, Ryu SR, Jo BW. 1998.Synthesis of shikonin derivatives and evaluation of their antitumor activity. Appl Chem 2: 396-399.
  9. Yoon Y, Kim YO, Lim NY, Jeon WK, Sung HJ. 1999.Shikonin, an ingredient of Lithospermum erythrorhizon induced apoptosis in HL60 human premyelocytic leukemia cell line. Planta Med 65: 535-535.
  10. Hashimoto S, Xu M, Masuda Y, Amchi T, Nakajo S, CaoJ, Myakoshi M, Ida Y, Nakaya K. 1999. $\beta$-Hydroxyisovalerylshikonin inhibits the cell growth of various cancer cell lines and induces apoptosis in leukemia HL-60 cells through a mechanism different from those of Fas and etoposide. J Biochem 125: 17-23. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022255
  11. Assimopoulou AN, Boskou D, Papageorgiou VP. 2004.Antioxidant activities of alkannin, shikonin and Alkanna tinctoria root extracts in oil substrates. Food Chemistry 87: 433-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.12.017
  12. Takashi S, Toshiki M, Yoshie M, Tsuneji N. 1998. Evaluation of superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of shikonin by electron spin resonance. Int J Pharm 174: 133-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(98)00256-7
  13. Weng XC, Xiang GQ, Jiang AL, Liu YP, Wu Ll, Dong XW,Duan S. 2000. Antioxidant properties of components extracted from puccoon. Food Chem 69: 143-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00236-8
  14. Chen X, Oppenheim J, Howard OM. 2001. Shikonin, a component of antiinflammatory Chinese herbal medicine, selectively blocks chemokine binding to CC chemokine receptor-1. Int Immunopharmacol 1: 229-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5769(00)00033-3
  15. Ozaki Y, Ohno A, Abe K, Saito Y, Satake M. 1993.Comparative study on the accelerative effect of “koushikon” and “nanshikon” and their constituents on proliferation of granuloma tissue in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 16: 683-685. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.16.683
  16. Park YH, Chang SK. 2000. Effects of shikonin pigments from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon on rabbit platelets. J Fd Hyg Safety 15: 167-172.
  17. Na GM, Han HS, Ye SH, Kim HK. 2004. Extraction characteristics and antioxidative activity of Cassia tora L.extracts. Korean J Food Culture 19: 499-505.
  18. Gutfinger T. 1981. Polyphenols in olive oils. J Am Oil Chem Soc 58: 966-968. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02659771
  19. Blois MS. 1958. Antioxidant determination by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181: 1199-1204. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
  20. Tsuda T, Oshinori YF, Katsumi O, Yamamoto A, Kawakishi S, Osawa T. 1995. Antioxidative activity of tamarined extract prepared from the seed coat. Nippon Shikuhin Kashi42: 430-435. https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.42.430
  21. Chung SK. 1997. Hydroxy radical scavenging effects of species and scavengers from brown mustard. Biosci Biotech61: 118-123. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.61.118
  22. SAS. 2000. User's guide. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.p 633.
  23. Tang W, Eisenbrand G. 1992. Chinese drugs of plant origin.Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany.
  24. Jeonge CH, Son KB, Kim JH, Kang SK, Park EY, ShimKI. 2010. Antioxidant and anticancer activities of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaf and root. Korean J Food Preserv 17: 131-138.
  25. Sa JH, Kim YS, Shin IC, Shim TH, Wang MH. 2004.Photoprotective effect and antioxidative activity from different organs of Morus bombycis Koidzumi. Kor J Pharmacogn35: 207-214.
  26. Jung MS, Lee GS, Chae HJ. 2004. In vitro biological activity assay of ethanol extract of radish. J Korean Soc Appl BiolChem 47: 67-71.
  27. Ahn EY, Shin DH, Oh JA, Baek NI. 1998. Isolation and identification of antimicrobial active substance from Glycyrrhizauralensis FISCH. Korean J Food Sci Technol 30: 680-687.
  28. Droge W. 2002. Free radicals in physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev 82: 47-95. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00018.2001
  29. Kim TS, Choi MK, Kim JS, Han JW, Kang MH. 2009.Screening of lignan compounds and antioxidant activity of chungkukjang fermented with defatted sesame flour. KoreanJ Food Sci Technol 38: 1580-1586. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.11.1580

Cited by

  1. A Study on Anti-oxidative Activity of the Lithospermum Erythrorhizon Extracts for Application as a Cosmetic Ingredient vol.26, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2013.26.3.403
  2. Identification of Fungal Pathogen Causing Seedling Rot of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Study on the Optimum Growing Temperature for Decreasing of the Seedling Rot vol.21, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2013.21.1.27
  3. The Antioxidative Effect of Ethanol Extracts from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc., Xanthium strumarium Linn, and Lonicera japonica vol.23, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2013.23.5.643