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Growth Inhibitory Effects of $Doenjang$, Prepared with Various Solar Salts, on Cancer Cells

다양한 천일염으로 제조한 된장의 암세포 성장 억제 효과

  • Yoon, Hae-Hoon (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Center, Chosun University) ;
  • Kim, In-Cheol (Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University) ;
  • Chang, Hae-Choon (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Center, Chosun University)
  • 윤해훈 (조선대학교 식품영양학과, 김치연구센터) ;
  • 김인철 (목포대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 장해춘 (조선대학교 식품영양학과, 김치연구센터)
  • Received : 2011.12.12
  • Accepted : 2012.03.23
  • Published : 2012.04.30

Abstract

The growth inhibition effect of $Doenjang$ that was prepared with various kinds of solar salt was investigated. $Doenjang$ was prepared using the bacterial koji and five kind of salt with 12% salt concentration (w/w): purified salt $Doenjang$, one-year aged solar salt $Doenjang$, four-year aged solar salt $Doenjang$, topan solar salt $Doenjang$, and boiled solar salt $Doenjang$. The $Doenjangs$ were fermented and aged for 18 months. The growth inhibition effects of the water extracts and the methanol extracts of the $Doenjangs$ were measured on AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells, HT-29 colon carcinoma cells, and BJ human foreskin normal cells using MTT assay. The water and methanol extracts of the $Doenjang$ samples showed growth inhibition effects on the cancer cells, in the following order of the samples with the strongest to the weakest effect: the four-year aged solar salt $Doenjang$, the topan solar salt $Doenjang$, the boiled solar salt $Doenjang$, the one-year aged solar salt $Doenjang$, and the purified salt $Doenjang$. The methanol extracts of the four-year aged solar salt Doenjang (AGS: 55% and HT-29: 48%) showed the strongest growth inhibition effect. In addition, decreased cancer cell numbers and morphological changes in the cancer cells (AGS and HT-29) were observed when the methanol extract of the four-year aged solar salt $Doenjang$ was treated. None of the $Doenjang$ extracts showed a growth inhibition effect on the BJ normal cells, though.

사용 소금에 따른 된장의 암세포 성장 억제효과를 조사하기 위하여 4종의 천일염(1년 숙성 천일염, 4년 숙성 천일염, 토판염, 육염)을 사용하여 된장을 제조하였다. 대조구로는 정제염을 사용한 된장을 제조하여 실험을 수행하였다. 된장의 모든 제조 조건(원료, 제조방법, 발효 미생물, 발효조건 등)을 동일하게 하여주고 소금의 종류만을 달리하여 발효된 된장이 인체 위암세포(AGS)와 대장암세포(HT-29)의 성장 억제효과와 인간 정상세포(BJ)에 미치는 세포 독성을 조사하였다. 숙성된 된장을 물과 메탄올을 이용해 추출하여 사용 소금에 따른 된장의 암세포 성장억제효과를 MTT assay를 사용해 살펴보았다. 소금의 종류를 달리한 된장의 물 추출물과 메탄올 추출물은 AGS 위암세포, HT-29 결장암세포 대해서 모두 농도 의존적으로 높은 세포생육 억제율을 나타내었다. AGS의 경우 4년 숙성 천일염 된장의 물 추출물과 메탄올 추출물이 최대 처리 농도인 1.000 mg/mL에서 53%, 55%의 억제율을 나타내어 다른 종류의 소금에 비해 암세포 생육 억제효과가 매우 뛰어남을 확인하였다. 이어서 토판염, 육염, 1년 숙성 천일염, 정제염순으로 암세포 생육 저해 효과를 나타내는 것으로 관찰되었다. HT-29의 경우 AGS에 대한 암세포 성장 억제효과보다는 다소 낮지만 물 추출물의 최대 처리 농도 시 4년 숙성 천일염이 44%의 억제율을 보여 가장 높았으며 나머지 4종의 소금으로 제조한 된장들은 30~40% 정도의 억제 효과가 관찰되었다. 또한 메탄올 추출물에서도 위와 비슷한 경향을 보임을 확인하였으며 소금의 종류를 달리한 된장의 물 추출물과 메탄올 추출물은 모두 정상세포 BJ에 대해 세포독성을 거의 나타내지 않았으며 오히려 세포 성장효과를 보였다. 모든 추출물에서 우수한 암세포 생육 억제현상을 나타낸 4년 숙성 천일염 된장의 메탄올 추출물을 AGS, HT-29, BJ 세포에 처리하였을 때, 정상세포 BJ에 대해서는 처리 전후로 큰 차이가 관찰되지는 않았으나 세포 밀도의 감소와 함께 일부 세포 수축 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서 이러한 결과들은 천일염 된장이 암세포 생육억제에 좋으며 그 중에서도 4년 숙성 천일염 된장이 가장 뛰어난 항암효과를 지님을 시사하고 있다.

Keywords

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