Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
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Chemical Properties and DPPH Radical Scavenging Ability of Sword Bean (Canavalia gladiata) Extract

작두콩 추출물의 화학적 특성 및 DPPH 라디컬 소거능

  • Kim, Jong-Pil (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju) ;
  • Yang, Yong-Shik (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Hee (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju) ;
  • Lee, Hyang-Hee (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Sun (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju) ;
  • Moon, Yong-Woon (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Young (Department of Food Science & Technology, and Functional Food Research Center, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Chung, Jae-Keun (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju)
  • 김종필 (광주광역시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 양용식 (광주광역시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김진희 (광주광역시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 이향희 (광주광역시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김은선 (광주광역시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 문용운 (광주광역시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김진영 (전남대학교 식품공학과 및 기능성식품연구센터) ;
  • 정재근 (광주광역시보건환경연구원)
  • Received : 2012.04.07
  • Accepted : 2012.05.02
  • Published : 2012.08.31
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Abstract

We investigated the chemical properties and antioxidant activities of sword bean (SWB) and compared it to soybean (SB) and black soybean (seoritae, BSB). The value of vitamin C, vitamin A, crude fat, and crude protein in SWB was 25.5, 0.37 mg/kg, 1.2, and 25.6%, respectively. The crude fat content (1.2%) in SWB was very low in comparison with those of SB (16.5%) and BSB (16.1%). In 16 free amino acids investigated, the histidine content (9.2%) was high in SWB, followed by SB (3.0%) and BSB (2.9%). Total flavonoid content of SWB (493.2 mg/100 g) was significantly higher than those of SB (71.8 mg/100 g) and BSB (97.5 mg/100 g). Total polyphenol content of SWB (1,152.0 mg/100 g) was not significantly different from that of SB (1,165.7 mg/100 g) but lower than that of BSB (1,298.6 mg/100 g). DPPH radical scavenging activity ($SC_{50}$, 50% scavenging concentration) of SWB was 13.1 ${\mu}g/mL$, whereas that of positive control (${\alpha}$-tocopherol) was 8.3 ${\mu}g/mL$.

본 연구에서 추출 용매의 선택은 작두콩과 대두, 서리태의 추출 수율과 실험의 용이성 등을 고려하여 메탄올을 사용하여 실험을 진행하였다. 작두콩의 화학적 특성을 알아보기 위해 일반성분 중 수분, 회분, 조단백질, 조지방 실험을 하였으며, 이 중 조지방에서 서리태, 대두와는 다른 작두콩만의 특징을 찾을 수 있었다. 작두콩의 조지방 함량은 1.2%로 서리태와 대두의 조지방 함량 16.1, 16.5%와 비교해 볼 때 매우 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 이 낮은 조지방 함량으로 인해 비극성 유기용매 헥산이나 에틸아세테이트 등에서 추출 수율이 서리태나 대두에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 구성아미노산은 함량과 구성비율을 실험하였다. 그 결과 Histidine의 구성비율이 서리태(2.9%)나 대두(3.0%)와 비교해 볼때 9.2%로 상대적으로 높은 구성비율을 나타냈다. 콩에서 대표적인 항산화활성 물질로 알려진 이소플라본은 작두콩에서 검출되지 않았다. 작두콩과 대두, 서리태의 비타민 실험결과는 모두 비타민 C의 함량이 비타민 A의 함량보다 높게 검출되었다. 무기질 함량 실험에서는 작두콩과 대두, 서리태에서 10가지 무기질 중 칼륨, 칼슘, 마그네슘의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀은 대두 1,165.7 mg/100 g, 서리태 1,298.6 mg/100 g, 작두콩 1,152.0 mg/100 g으로 서리태 보다는 적지만 대두와는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 총 플라보노이드는 대두 71.8 mg/100 g, 서리태 97.5 mg/100 g보다 작두콩에서 유의적으로 높게(493.2 mg/100 g) 나타났다. DPPH 라디칼 소거활성 결과를 토대로 $SC_{50}$ 값을 구한 결과 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol(8.3 ${\mu}g/mL$)과 대등한 13.1 ${\mu}g/mL$로 항산화활성이 높게 나타났으며, 농도 의존적으로 활성이 증가하고 있음을 알수 있었다. 이상의 결과 같은 콩과의 식물이지만 대두나 서리태와는 다른 화학적 특성을 가지고 있고 높은 항산화활성을 갖는 작두콩의 식품이나 건강기능식품으로서의 활용가치를 확인할 수 있었고, 항산화활성 물질의 분리 등 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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