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A Study on the Evacuation Risk of Simultaneous Fires from Exterior

외장재에 의한 동시다발적인 화재의 피난위험성에 관한 연구

  • Min, Se-Hong (Dept. of Fire & Disaster Protection Engineering, Gachon Univ.)
  • 민세홍 (가천대학교 공과대학 소방방재공학과)
  • Received : 2012.06.11
  • Accepted : 2012.08.13
  • Published : 2012.08.31

Abstract

In order to study on the evacuation risk when connate fires caused by vertical fire spread of the exterior occurs, the egress simulations based on the relevant scenarios has carried out. As a result of it, ASET (permitted evacuation time) was reached in between 550 to 650 seconds in entire floors after vertical smoke spread from fire of combustible exteriors. In particular, ASET was 358 seconds in the first floor, 490 seconds in the six floor and 473 seconds in the tenth floor. In addition, five floors of all levels, the 1st floor, the 6th floor and the 28th floor ~30th floor, show RSET (minimum evacuation time) which is bigger than ASET as evacuation risk. This result presents occupants in high rise buildings with more than 15 floors might not be able to egress of them using staircases due to huge population attempting to evacuate simultaneously. Particularly, 699 people in the upper levels by smoke from the first floor are having difficulty escaping this building since ASET on the first floor adjacent to the ignition point was 358 seconds which is relatively reached fast. Considering a prevention method of the fire and smoke spread, architects have to use non-combustible exterior in the building's facade to be required as an active fire protection system.

외장재의 수직화재에 의한 동시다발적인 화재 발생 시 피난위험성을 확인하기 위하여 시나리오에 의한 피난시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 피난시뮬레이션 결과, 가연성 외장재가 연소하면서 수직화재로 확대되어 개구부를 통해 유입되는 화재에 의해 층 대부분이 550초에서 650초 사이에 허용피난안전시간에 도달하였고, 특히 1층은 358초에, 6층과 10층은 490초와 473초에 피난한계에 도달하였다. 또한, 1층과 26층, 28층~30층의 총 5개 층에서 피난위험성이 나타나는 것으로 분석되었다. 동시다발적인 화재성상으로 인해 모든 재실자가 전관 피난을 하여 15층 이상의 고층 부분에서 병목현상이 심하게 발생하여 피난계단으로 진입이 어렵다는 것을 확인하였다. 특히, 1층의 경우는 발화지점과 가까워서 358초에 허용안전피난시간에 도달하여 상부층에 있는 699명의 피난이 난해한 것으로 분석되었다. 외장재 화재의 위험성 대책으로 불연성 외장재의 사용과 연소 확대를 방지하기 위한 적극적인 진압방법의 도입이 요구된다.

Keywords

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  1. A Study on the Large Experiments (ISO 13785-2) for Vertical Fire Behavior Analysis of Aluminum Composite Panels in General and Flame-retardant Material vol.26, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2012.26.6.092