DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Ethanol Extracts from Zingiber officinale Rosc., Curcuma longa L., and Curcuma aromatica Salisb. on Acetylcholinesterase and Antioxidant Activities as well as GABA Contents

생강, 울금, 강황 추출물의 항산화 효과, AChE 억제활성 및 GABA 함량

  • Jung, Yeon-Seop (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University) ;
  • Park, Sung-Jin (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University) ;
  • Park, Jung-Hyun (The Center for Traditional Microorganism Resources, Keimyung University) ;
  • Jhee, Kwang-Hwan (Dept. of Applied Chemistry, Kumoh National Institute of Technology) ;
  • Lee, In-Seon (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University) ;
  • Yang, Seun-Ah (The Center for Traditional Microorganism Resources, Keimyung University)
  • 정연섭 (계명대학교 식품가공학과) ;
  • 박성진 (계명대학교 식품가공학과) ;
  • 박정현 (계명대학교 전통 미생물자원 개발 및 산업화 연구센터) ;
  • 지광환 (금오공과대학교 응용화학과) ;
  • 이인선 (계명대학교 식품가공학과) ;
  • 양선아 (계명대학교 전통 미생물자원 개발 및 산업화 연구센터)
  • Received : 2012.06.20
  • Accepted : 2012.09.24
  • Published : 2012.10.31

Abstract

This study investigated the cognition-related effects on antioxidant activities, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) contents, and AChE inhibitory activities in ethanol extracts from Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Korea), Curcuma longa L. (Korea), Curcuma longa L. (Myanmar), and Curcuma aromatica Salisb. (India). These extracts were investigated to determine the relationships among total polyphenols as well as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, GABA contents, and acetylcholinestrase (AChE) inhibitory activity. For the results, C. longa L. from Myanmar exhibited the highest contents of curcumin (97.1 ${\mu}g/mg$), total polyphenols (98.4 ${\mu}g/mg$), and GABA (1.31 ${\mu}g/mg$), as well as the strongest radical scavenging activities and AChE inhibitory activity. In addition, C. aromatica Salisb from India, which had the highest total polyphenol content (98.4 ${\mu}g/mg$) and strongest radical scavenging activities, exhibited relatively high AChE inhibitory activity similar to that of C. longa L. from Myanmar. On the other hand, Z. officinale Rosc. and C. longa L. from Korea showed low contents of curcumin (12.2 ${\mu}g/mg$) and polyphenols (85.7 ${\mu}g/mg$), as well as low AChE inhibitory activities. However, we could detect 1.11 ${\mu}g/mg$ of GABA in these extracts, which was similar to that of C. longa L. from Myanmar. Therefore, GABA content was not correlated with AChE inhibitory activity. Based on the results, AChE inhibitory activity is highly correlated with polyphenol contents in Zingibearceae family. Overall, among the Zingiberaceae tested, C. longa L. from Myanmar might be a strong candidate as a cognitive-enhancing ingredient.

생강과 식물의 인지기능 관련 활성을 검토하고 종류와 산지에 따른 차이를 비교하기 위하여, 시중에서 많이 사용되고 고품질로 알려져 있는 국산 생강과 울금, 미얀마산 울금과 인도산 강황의 항산화 효과, GABA 함량, 활성성분 분석, 그리고 AChE 억제 활성을 측정하였다. 미얀마산 울금 에탄올추출물에서 총 폴리페놀(98 ${\mu}g/mg$), curcumin(97.1 ${\mu}g/mg$), GABA 함량(1.31 ${\mu}g/mg$)이 가장 높았으며, DPPH, ABTS 라디칼 소거능 및 AChE 저해능도 비교적 높게 나타났다. 한편, 인도산 강황 추출물도 미얀마산 울금과 비슷한 항산화 효과와 AChE 저해 효과가 나타났으나, curcumin (12.2 ${\mu}g/mg$)과 GABA(0.04 ${\mu}g/mg$) 함량은 매우 낮게 나타났다. 국산 생강과 울금 추출물의 경우 총 폴리페놀 함량은 비슷하였으나(39.7~42.5 ${\mu}g/mg$) 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol 등의 진저롤류를 함유하고 있는 생강 추출물에서 울금보다 높은 라디칼 소거능, 특히 강한 ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 나타내었으며, AChE 저해능은 두 추출물 모두 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 국내산 2가지 추출물의 GABA 함량(약 1.11 ${\mu}g/mg$)은 미얀마산 울금과 비슷한 정도로 높게 검출되어 라디칼 소거능과 AChE 억제능은 GABA 함량과는 상관성이 없었다. 따라서 본 실험에 사용한 4가지 생강과 식물 추출물의 AChE 억제능은 총 폴리페놀 함량과 밀접한 관계가 있으며, curcumin 함량, 라디칼 소거능 및 GABA 함량과는 직접적인 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과와 같이, 미얀마산 울금은 나머지 추출물과 비교하여 높은 항산화 활성과 curcumin 및 GABA 함량, 그리고 비교적 높은 AChE 저해활성을 갖는 강력한 인지능 개선 소재로 활용될 수 있을것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Trabace L, Cassano T, Steardo L, Pietra C, Villetti G, Kendrick KM, Cuomo V. 2000. Biochemical and neurobehavioral profile of CHF2819, a novel, orally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 294: 187-194.
  2. Oh SK. 2005. Neurotransmetters and Brain Disease. Shinil Books company, Seoul, Korea. p 345-364.
  3. Park CH, Kim SH, Choi W, Lee YJ, Kim JS, Kang SS, Suh YH. 1996. Novel anticholinesterase and antiamnesic activities of dehydroevodiamine, a constituent of Evodia rutaecarpa. Planta Med 62: 405-409. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957926
  4. Chung YK, Heo HJ, Kim EK, Kim HK, Huh TL, Lim Y, Kim SK, Shin DH. 2001. Inhibitory effect of ursolic acid purified from Oiganum majorana L on the acetylcholinesterase. Mol Cells 11: 137-143.
  5. Papandreou MA, Dimakopoulou A, Linardaki ZI, Cordopatis P, Klimis-Zacas D, Margarity M, Lamari FN. 2009. Effect of a polyphenol-rich wild blueberry extract on cognitive performance of mice, brain antioxidant markers and acetylcholinesterase activity. Behav Brain Res 198: 352-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2008.11.013
  6. Amenta F, Parnetti L, Gallai V, Wallin A. 2001. Treatment of cognitive dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease with cholinergic precursors. Ineffective treatments or inappropriate approaches? Mech Ageing Dev 122: 2025-2040. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00310-4
  7. Fayuk D, Yakel JL. 2004. Regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel function by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in rat hippocampal CA1 interneurons. Mol Pharmacol 66: 658-666. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.104.000042
  8. Liu Q, Zhao B. 2004. Nicotine attenuates $\beta$-amyloid peptide- induced neurotocity, free radical and calcium accumulation in hippocampal neuronal cultures. Br J Pharmacol 141: 746-754. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0705653
  9. Oh SH, Kim SH, Moon YJ, Choi WG. 2002. Changes in the levels of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid and some amino acids by application of a glutamic acid solution for the germination of brown rices. Korea J Biotechnol Bioeng 17: 49-53.
  10. Xinga SG, Jun YB, Hau ZW, Liang LY. 2007. Higher accumulation of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid induced by salt stress through stimulating the activity of diamine oxidases in Glycine max (L.) Merr. roots. Plant Physiol Biochem 45: 560-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.05.007
  11. Lim SD, Kim KS. 2009. Effects and utilization of GABA. Korean J Dairy Sci Technol 27: 45-51.
  12. Shelp BJ, Bown AW, McLean MD. 1999. Metabolism and functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid. Trends Plant Sci 4: 446-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(99)01486-7
  13. Ahn DG. 2000. Korean herbal flora. Kyohak Publishing Co., Seoul, Korea. p 568-569.
  14. Huang MT, Lou YR, Xie JG, Ma W, Lu YP, Yen P, Zhu BT, Newmark H, Ho CT. 1998. Effect of dietary curcumin and dibenzoylmethane on formation of 7,12-dimethylbenz [${\alpha}$]anthracene-induced mammary tumors and lymphomas/ leukemias in Sencar mice. Carcinogenesis 19: 1697-1700. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/19.9.1697
  15. Chainani-Wu N. 2003. Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: a component of turmeric (Curcuma longa). J Altern Complement Med 9: 161-168. https://doi.org/10.1089/107555303321223035
  16. Kang WS, Kim JH, Park EJ, Yoon KR. 1998. Antioxidative property of turmeric (Curcumae Rhizoma) ethanol extract. Korean J Food Sci Technol 30: 266-271.
  17. Kim CR. 2006. Enhancement of liver function by Curcuma extract on acute hepatotoxicity in rat. Korean J Food Sci Ani Resour 26: 386-393.
  18. Jeong SH, CHang KS, Kim YJ. 2004. Optimization of curcumin extraction from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) using supercritical fluid $CO_{2}$. Food Engineering Progress 8: 47-52.
  19. Jung SH, Chang KS, Ko GH. 2004. Physiological effects of curcumin extracted by supercritical fluid from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Korean J Food Sci Technol 36: 317- 320.
  20. Kim JS, Kim YS, Kim SK, Heor JH, Lee BH, Choi BW, Ryu GS, Park EK, Zee OP, Ryu SY. 2002. Inhibitory effects of some herbal extracts on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro. Korean J Pharmacogn 33: 211-218.
  21. Folin O, Denis W. 1912. Phosphotungastic-phospho-molybdic compounds as color reagents. J Biol Chem 12: 239-249.
  22. Blois MS. 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181: 1199-1200. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
  23. Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C. 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med 26: 1231-1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
  24. Zhang G, Bown AW. 1996. The rapid determination of $\gamma$- aminobutyric acid. Phytochemistry 44: 1007-1009.
  25. Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V Jr, Feather-Stone RM. 1961. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol 7: 88-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9
  26. Sandahl JF, Jenkins JJ. 2002. Pacific steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to chlorpyrifos: benchmark concentration estimates for acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Environ Toxicol Chem 21: 2452-2458. https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<2452:PSOMET>2.0.CO;2
  27. Lee TY, Lee KC, Chen SY, Chang HH. 2009. 6-Gingerol inhibits ROS and iNOS through the suppression of PKC-$\alpha$ and NF-$\kappa B$ pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 382: 134-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.160
  28. Dugasani S, Pichika MR, Nadarajah VD, Balijepalli MK, Tandra S, Korlakunta JN. 2010. Comparative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, [10]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol. J Ethnopharmacol 127: 515-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.004
  29. Wu H, Hsieh MC, Lo CY, Liu CB, Sang S, Ho CT, Pan MH. 2010. 6-Shogaol is more effective than 6-gingerol and curcumin in inhibiting 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetateinduced tumor promotion in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 54: 1296-12306. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200900409
  30. Jeong SH, Chang KS, Kim YJ. 2004. Optimization of curcumin extraction from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) using supercritical fluid $CO_{2}$. Food Eng Progress 8: 47-52.
  31. Choi HS. 1994. Lipid peroxidation and its nutritional significance. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 23: 867-878.
  32. Pratt DE. 1992. Natural antioxidant from plant material. In Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA. p 54-71.
  33. Higasi GS. 2000. Appraisement of antioxidative activity from vegetables. Jap J Food Ind 57: 56-64.
  34. Goel A, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. 2008. Curcumin as "Curecumin": from kitchen to clinic. Biochem Pharmacol 75: 787-809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.016
  35. Montine TJ, Neely MD, Quinn JF, Beal MF, Markesbery WR, Roberts LJ, Morrow JD. 2002. Lipid peroxidation in aging brain and Alzhemier's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 33: 620-626. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00807-9
  36. Floyd RA, Hensley K. 2002. Oxidative stress in brain aging. Implications for therapeutics of neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Aging 23: 795-807. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00019-2
  37. Al-sereiti MR, Abu-Amer KM, Sen P. 1999. Pharmacology of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn) and its therapeutic potentials. Indian J Exp Biol 37: 124-130.
  38. Kang YH, Park YK, Oh SR, Moon KD. 1995. Studies on the physiological functionality of pine needle and mugwort extracts. Korean J Food Sci Technol 27: 978-984.
  39. Lee SO, Lee HJ, Yu MH, Im HG, Lee IS. 2005. Total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of methanol extract from vegetable produced in Ullung isand. Korean J Food Sci Technol 37: 233-240.
  40. Choi YM, Kim MH, Shin JJ, Park JM, Lee JS. 2003. The antioxidant activities of the some commercial teas. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 723-727. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.5.723
  41. Bown AW, Shelp BJ. 1997. The metabolism and function of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid. Plant Physiol 115: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.115.1.1
  42. DiFiglia M, Aronin N. 1990. Synaptic interactions between GABAergic neurons and trigeminothalamic cell in the rat trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Synapse 6: 358-363. https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.890060408
  43. Ryu BH, Jeon JH. 2004. Continous production of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid by immobilization of Lactobacillus brevis. J Life Sci 14: 167-173. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2004.14.1.167
  44. Talesa VN. 2001. Acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 122: 1961-1969. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00309-8

Cited by

  1. Evaluation of Hygienic Properties and Effects of Printing on Curcuma- and Coffee-Dyed Cotton Fabrics vol.28, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2017.28.1.143
  2. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Curcuma aromatica Salisb. with and without Fermentation vol.32, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2016.32.3.299
  3. Anti-obesity Effects of Curcuma longa L. Extracts through Inhibiting Adipogenic Transcription Factors vol.15, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2016.0127
  4. Antioxidant Activity, Sensory Characteristics, and Microbial Safety of Sunsik with Fermented Turmeric Powder vol.32, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2016.32.5.600
  5. Dyeing Property and Functionality of Curcumae longae RhizomaExtracts with Different Solvents vol.26, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2017.26.1.49
  6. Quality Characteristics of Cookies with Ginger Powder vol.31, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.6.703
  7. Investigation of Factors on the Sensory Characteristics of Milk Bread with Tumeric Powder (Curcuma longa L.) Using Fractional Factorial Design Method vol.43, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.4.592
  8. Effect of Different Types of Soy Sauce and Curcuma longa L. Extract on Quality Characteristics of Laver Jangajji vol.34, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2018.34.1.57
  9. Chemical constituents and biological research on plants in the genus Curcuma vol.57, pp.7, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1176554
  10. 강황을 첨가한 팬 프라잉 화전의 품질 특성과 산화방지활성 vol.49, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.9721/kjfst.2017.49.3.296
  11. 발효강황가루 첨가 수준이 카레소스의 항산화 및 관능적 특성에 미치는 효과 vol.49, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.9721/kjfst.2017.49.3.324
  12. Rhizopus oryzae으로 발효한 울금의 항산화 및 항염효과 vol.27, pp.11, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5352/jls.2017.27.11.1315
  13. GABA, a non-protein amino acid ubiquitous in food matrices vol.4, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2018.1534323
  14. 조류 인플루엔자 예방 및 면역 증진을 위한 천연 사료 첨가제 특허동향 분석 vol.18, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2018.18.03.062
  15. Processed Gingers: Current and Prospective Use in Food, Cosmetic, and Pharmaceutical Industry vol.10, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.2174/2212798410666180806150142
  16. 역류성 식도염에 대한 반하(半夏), 생강(生薑), 소반하탕(小半夏湯)의 효과 비교 vol.40, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.19014
  17. Solubilization of polysaccharides and functional components of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) using ethanol and enzyme vol.26, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2019.26.5.545
  18. Influence of ripening stage and cultivar on physicochemical properties, sugar and organic acid profiles, and antioxidant compositions of strawberries vol.28, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-019-00610-y
  19. 발효강황 첨가 머핀의 항산화적·감각적 품질 특성 vol.35, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.7318/kjfc/2020.35.1.117
  20. 건조방법을 달리한 땅콩호박의 영양성분 분석 및 생리활성 평가 vol.33, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2020.33.1.091
  21. 추출 용매를 달리한 생강 추출물에 대한 생리활성의 비교 평가 연구 vol.36, pp.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.6116/kjh.2021.36.2.19.
  22. Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Yanggaeng Added with Black Ginger (Kaempferia parviflora) vol.50, pp.7, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.7.715
  23. Quality Characteristics of Raw Noodles added with Ginger Juice vol.30, pp.4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2021.30.4.659
  24. Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) slices according to temperature and duration of hot water treatment vol.28, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2021.28.6.716