Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Study on the Distribution of Plant Community in the Deogyusan National Park

덕유산 국립공원 일대의 식물군락 분포에 관한 연구

  • Kim, Chang-Hwan (Department of Ecology Landscape Architecture-Design, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Oh, Jang-Geun (Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Choi, Young-Eun (Department of Ecology Landscape Architecture-Design, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Nam-Sook (Department of Ecology Landscape Architecture-design, Graduate School of Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kang, Eun-Ok (Department of Ecology Landscape Architecture-design, Graduate School of Chonbuk National University)
  • 김창환 (전북대학교 생태조경디자인학과) ;
  • 오장근 (국립공원관리공단) ;
  • 최영은 (전북대학교 생태조경디자인학과) ;
  • 이남숙 (전북대학교 대학원 생태조경디자인학과) ;
  • 강은옥 (전북대학교 대학원 생태조경디자인학과)
  • Received : 2013.12.14
  • Accepted : 2013.12.21
  • Published : 2013.12.31
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Abstract

The forest vegetation of the Deogyusan National Park is classified into mountain forest vegetation and riparian forest vegetation. Mountain forest vegetation in the forest vegetation is subdivided into deciduous broad-leaved forest, valley forest, coniferous forest, subalpine coniferous forest, shrub forest, afforestation and other vegetation. Including 192 communities of mountain forest vegetation and 3 communities of other vegetation, the total of 195 communities were researched; the distributed colonies classified by physiognomy classification are 61 communities deciduous broad-leaved forest, 55 communities of valley forest, 17 communities of coniferous forests, 6 communities of subalpine coniferous forest, 3 communities of shrub forest, 50 afforestation and 3 other vegetation. As for the distribution rate for surveyed main communities, Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, Quercus variabilis communities account for 66.00 percent of deciduous broad-leaved forest, Fraxinus mandshurica, Cornus controversa community takes up 64.40 percent of mountain valley forest, Pinus densiflora community holds 70.40 percent of mountain coniferous forest holds. In conclusion, minority species consisting of Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, Quercus variabilis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Cornus controversa, Pinus densiflora are distributed as dominant species of the uppermost part in a forest vegetation of Geochilbong in Deogyusan National Park. In addition, because of vegetation succession and climate factors, numerous colonies formed by the two species are expected to be replaced by Quercus mongolica, Carpinus laxiflora and Fraxinus mandshurica which are climax species in the area. However, the distribution rate of deciduous broad-leaved forest seems to increase gradually due to global warming and artificial disturbance.

덕유산 일대 삼림식생은 산지삼림식생과 기타 식생으로 대별되어있다. 산지삼림식생은 산지낙엽활엽수림, 산지습성림, 산지침엽수림, 아고산침엽수림, 산지관목림, 식재림 등으로 세분되었으며, 기타 식생은 농경지, 암벽식생, 2차 초지 등으로 조사되었다. 상관대분류에 의하여 구분된 산지삼림식생의 분포군락수는 산지낙엽활엽수림 61개 군락, 산지습성림 55개 군락, 산지침엽수림 17개 군락, 아고산침엽수림 6개 군락, 산지관목림 3개 군락, 식재림 50개 군락, 기타 식생 3개 군락의 총 95개 군락이 조사되었다. 조사된 주요 군락의 분포 비율을 보면 산지낙엽활엽수림은 신갈나무군락이 $61,073,102.23m^2$의 30.14%로 가장 높은 분포 비율로 조사되었고, 굴참나무군락이 $10,864,051.79m^2$의 5.36%, 졸참나무군락 $7,991,819.05m^2$ 3.94%로 3개 군락이 전체의 39.44%를 차지하고 있었으며, 산지습성림은 들메나무군락과 층층나무군락이 전체의 9.93%, 1.28%로 덕유산 일대의 산지습성림은 들메나무군락과 층층나무군락이 전체의 11.21%로 대부분을 차지하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 산지침엽수림은 소나무군락이 전체의 9.67%로서 대부분의 산지침염수림은 소나무 1종이 상층부에서 우점종으로 나타나는 군락의 양상을 나타내고 있다. 식재림은 일본잎갈나무가 식재림 전체의 3.55%로 가장 많이 식재되었으며, 리기다소나무가 2.16%, 잣나무가 1.58%로 3개 수종이 전체의 7.29%로 대부분이 이들 3종에 의하여 식재되어졌다. 결론적으로 덕유산 국립공원 일대 삼림식생은 신갈나무, 졸참나무, 굴참나무, 들메나무, 층층나무, 소나무 등 소수의 수종이 최상층부의 우점종으로 분포하고 있으며 2종에 의하여 형성된 수많은 군락들은 식생천이 및 기후적 요인에 의하여 이 지역 일대의 극상수종인 신갈나무, 서나무, 들메나무 등으로 군락 대체가 예상된다. 그러나 아고산침엽수림은 기후온난화와 인위적 교란에 의하여 점차적으로 낙엽활엽수의 분포비율이 증가할 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

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