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Assessment of Pre-Harvest Environmental Factors in Domestic Production of Organic Lettuce

국내 유기상추의 생산환경 조사분석

  • Namgung, Min (Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Beom Seok (Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Heo, Seong Jin (Environment Friendly Agricultural Products Safety Center, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Choi, Yong Beom (Environment Friendly Agricultural Products Safety Center, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Hur, Jang Hyun (Department of Biological Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Park, Duck Hwan (Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University)
  • 남궁민 (강원대학교 농업생명과학대학 응용생물학과) ;
  • 김범석 (강원대학교 농업생명과학대학 응용생물학과) ;
  • 허성진 (강원대학교 친환경농산물안전성센터) ;
  • 최용범 (강원대학교 친환경농산물안전성센터) ;
  • 허장현 (강원대학교 농업생명과학대학 바이오자원환경학과) ;
  • 박덕환 (강원대학교 농업생명과학대학 응용생물학과)
  • Received : 2014.04.28
  • Accepted : 2014.06.09
  • Published : 2014.06.30

Abstract

Among pre-harvest environmental factors, increasing attention has been paid to the effects of chemical and microbiological factors on fresh produce. The occurrence and prevalence of these factors have been usually studied with regard to the final products at the post-harvesting stage and/or when they are sold in the market. However, the origin and routes of transmission of both factors remain to be clarified. In the present study, we examined the contamination levels of food-borne pathogens and chemical factors such as pesticide residues and heavy metals in 83 and 43 samples, respectively, including various soil, water, and fertilizer samples, as well as post-harvested and processed samples. Among the organic farming samples, only one pesticide, dimethomorph, was detected in the soil sample, however no pesticides were observed from any other samples in organic farming system. Thus, it was thought that might be contaminated from conventional farm land in the vicinity. Whereas many pesticide residues were detected in conventional farming systems such as soil, fertilizer, water, and fresh produce as expected. Furthermore, heavy metals detected from all tested samples did not shown contamination levels higher than the standard limit. We comparatively assessed the levels of contamination by food-borne pathogens on the samples from organic and conventional farming systems, and found aerobic bacteria at approximately 7 log CFU/g, with no significant differences observed between the two systems. Coliforms were present at lower levels than aerobic bacteria. No human pathogens were present among the coliforms detected, indicating that these bacteria are saprophytes without the ability to cause food-borne illnesses. In contrast, among the high-risk food-borne pathogens, only sporadic cells of Bacillus cereus were found on samples of organic farming system. These data extend previous findings that the most prevalent food-borne pathogen is B. cereus and demonstrate that it spreads to whole living plants via soil.

현재까지 신선 농산물의 안전성을 위협하는 화학적 및 생물적 위해요인에 대한 연구는 주로 수확 후 또는 판매 농산물에 국한되었다. 그러나 최근 위해요인의 오염원 및 전염경로로 수확 전 생산환경 시료들이 주목되면서 생산환경 시료에 대한 위해요인 조사분석이 필요하였다. 본 연구에서는 토양, 관개수 및 퇴비 등의 수확 전 생산환경 시료와 수확 후 관리시료 들에 대한 화학적(잔류농약, 중금속) 및 생물적(호기성 미생물, 대장균군, 식품 위해미생물) 위해요인을 조사분석하였다. 조사시료수는 각각 화학적 위해요인 43 시료 그리고 생물적 위해요인 83 시료를 분석하였다. 유개재배지 시료 중에는 토양시료 1점에서 dimethomorph만이 미량으로 검출되었으나 관행재배지 살포농약의 오염에 의한 것으로 판단되었다. 반면 관행재배지 시료에서는 시료간 동일검출 항목을 제외한 총 20 종류의 잔류농약이 검출되었다. 또한 중금속의 검출은 유기 및 관행재배지 각 시료에서 나타났으나, 모두 우려기준 이하로 조사되었다. 한편 호기성 미생물은 7 log CFU/g으로 조사되었으며, 대장균군은 이보다 매우 낮은 농도를 보여주었다. 특히 5종의 식품 위해미생물 중에서는 Bacillus cereus만이 검출되었으나, 신선편의 식품의 검출한계보다 낮은 농도로 조사되었다.

Keywords

References

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