Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회지)

Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회)
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Estimation of Optimum Period for Spring Cultivation of 'Chunkwang' Chinese Cabbage Based on Growing Degree Days in Korea

생육도일(GDDs)에 따른 '춘광' 봄배추의 적정 재배 작기 예측

  • Wi, Seung Hwan (Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Song, Eun Young (Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Oh, Soon Ja (Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Son, In Chang (Planning and Coordination Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Sang Gyu (Farming Automation Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Hee Ju (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Mun, Boheum (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Cho, Young Yeol (Major in Horticultural Science, Jeju National University)
  • 위승환 (국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구소) ;
  • 송은영 (국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구소) ;
  • 오순자 (국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구소) ;
  • 손인창 (국립원예특작과학원 기획조정과) ;
  • 이상규 (국립농업과학원 스마트팜개발과) ;
  • 이희주 (국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 문보흠 (국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 조영열 (제주대학교 원예환경전공)
  • Received : 2018.01.15
  • Accepted : 2018.06.25
  • Published : 2018.06.30
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Abstract

Knowledge of the optimum cultivation period for Chinese cabbage would help growers especially in spring in Korea. Growth and yield of Chinese cabbage in a temperature gradient chamber was evaluated for the growing periods of 64 days from three set of transplanting dates including March 6, March 20, and April 3 in 2017. Air temperature in the chamber was elevated step-by-step, by $2^{\circ}C$ above the ambient temperature. This increment was divided into three phases; i.e. low (ambient+$2^{\circ}C$, A), medium (ambient+$4^{\circ}C$, B), and high temperature (ambient+$6^{\circ}C$, C). The fresh weight of Chinese cabbage was greater under B and C conditions in the first period and A in the second period, which indicated that GDDs affected the fresh weight considerably. However, leaf growth (number, area, length, and width) did not differ by GDDs. Bolting appeared under A condition in the first period, which was caused by low temperature in the early growth stage. Soft rot was developed under C condition in the second period and all temperature conditions in the third period, which resulted from high temperature in the late stage. Fresh weight increased when GDDs ranged from 587 to 729. However, it decreased when GDDs > 729. The maximum expected yield (16.3 MT/10a) was attained for the growing period of 64 days from transplanting date during which GDDs reached 601. The GDDs for optimum cultivation ranged from 478-724 under which the yield was about 95% (15.5 MT/10a) of maximum fresh weight. Such an optimum condition for GDDs was validated at five main cultivation regions including Jindo, Haenam, Naju, Seosan, and Pyeongtaek in Korea. In these regions, GDDs ranged from 619-719. This suggested that the optimum GDDs for Chinese cabbage cultivation would range from 478-724, which would give the useful information to expect the cultivation periods for ensuring maximum yield.

본 연구는 기온에 따른 봄배추 '춘광'의 재배 적기를 밝혀 농가에 적정 재배시기를 제공하기 위해서 수행되었다. 기온이 외기보다 $6^{\circ}C$까지 단계적으로 상승하도록 설계된 온도구배 터널을 3개의 구역(외기+$2^{\circ}C$, A; 외기+$4^{\circ}C$, B; 외기+$6^{\circ}C$, C)으로 나눈 후 작기(2017.3.6., 1차; 3.20., 2차; 4.3., 3차)에 걸쳐 정식하였다. 재배기간 동안의 생육도일(growing degree days, GDDs)은 1차 A, 1차 B, 2차 A, 1차 C, 2차 B, 3차 A, 2차 C, 3차 B, 3차 C 순으로 높았다. 구중은 1차 B, 1차 C, 2차 A 처리구에서 높게 나타나 처리간 높은 유의적 차이를 보였으나 생태적인 특성(엽수, 엽면적, 최대엽의 엽장 및 엽폭 등)은 차이가 없었다. 다만, 생육초기 $13^{\circ}C$ 이하의 저온에 감응하였던 결과로 1차 A 처리구에서 5.5%의 추대현상이 발생하였다. 또한 2차 C, 3차 A, B, 및 C 처리구에서 기온이 높아짐에 따라 각각 11.0, 5.5, 33.3, 및 44.4%의 속썩음 현상이 발생하였다. GDDs에 따른 배추 구중은 587 GDDs까지 증가하다 729 GDDs 이후에는 오히려 감소하였다. GDDs에 따른 배추 수량과 적정 재배시기 예측식에서 최대 기대수량은 정식 후 64일 기준 GDDs가 601일 때 16.3MT/10a이었다. 최대 수량의 95%(약 15.5MT/10a) 이상을 재배 적기로 설정할 때 적정 범위는 478~724 GDDs로 산출되었다. 재배적기 예측식의 검증 결과, 봄배추 주산지인 진도, 해남, 나주, 서산, 평택의 GDDs는 각각 634, 619, 666, 652, 및 719이었고, 예측식에서 산출된 범위(478~724 GDDs)에 포함되었다. 결과적으로 봄배추의 재배 최적기는 예측식의 최대값인 수확기준 601 GDDs이며 적정 범위는 호냉성인 온도 특성을 감안하여 478~724 GDDs인 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

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