Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Nutrition knowledge, eating attitudes, nutrition behavior, self-efficacy of childcare center foodservice employees by stages of behavioral change in reducing sodium intake

어린이집 조리종사자 대상의 나트륨 저감화 행동변화단계에 따른 영양지식, 식태도, 식행동, 자아효능감 비교

  • Ahn, Yun (Division of Diet Research, Institute of Food and Culture, Pulmuone Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Kim, Kyung Won (Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women's University) ;
  • Kim, Kyungmin (Department of Food and Nutrition, Baewha Women's University) ;
  • Pyun, Jinwon (Department of Food and Nutrition, Suwon Women's University) ;
  • Yeo, Ikhyun (Division of Diet Research, Institute of Food and Culture, Pulmuone Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Nam, Kisun (Division of Diet Research, Institute of Food and Culture, Pulmuone Co., Ltd.)
  • 안윤 ((주)풀무원 식문화연구원) ;
  • 김경원 (서울여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김경민 (배화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 변진원 (수원여자대학교 식품영양과) ;
  • 여익현 ((주)풀무원 식문화연구원) ;
  • 남기선 ((주)풀무원 식문화연구원)
  • Received : 2015.04.08
  • Accepted : 2015.10.07
  • Published : 2015.10.31
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Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine sodium-related nutrition knowledge, eating attitudes, eating behaviors, and self-efficacy by stages of behavioral change in reducing sodium intake among childcare center foodservice employees. Methods: Subjects (n = 333) were categorized according to two groups based on the stages of change; Pre-action stage (PA group: precontemplation/contemplation/preparation stage), Action stage (A group: action/maintenance stage). Results: A major source of sodium-related nutrition information was TV/radio (56.6%) and only 166 people (49.8%) have experienced nutrition education specific to sodium. Although the A group showed slightly higher scores for nutrition knowledge than the PA group, the difference was not significant. The percentages of correct answers for 'daily goal of sodium intake for adults (27.0%)', 'calculation of sodium content in nutrition labeling (30.3%)' were low for both groups. The A group (total score: 40.3) had more desirable eating attitudes regarding reducing sodium intake than the PA group (36.6, p < 0.001). The total score for eating behaviors was slightly higher in the A group (49.6) than in the PA group (48.5), but without statistical significance. The A group (total score: 58.2) also received higher scores for self-efficacy regarding reducing sodium intake than the PA group (52.5, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that nutrition education for childcare center foodservice employees should be expanded and customized education should be implemented according to the stages in reducing sodium intake. It is also suggested that food companies make efforts to develop low-sodium products.

본 연구는 서울, 경기도, 충청도 지역에 소재하는 어린이집 조리종사자 333명에게 나트륨관련 영양지식, 식태도, 식행동, 자아효능감 등에 대해 설문조사하고, '나트륨 섭취 줄이기' 행동변화단계에 따라 '행동전단계 (고려전/고려/준비)', '행동단계 (행동/유지)' 두 군으로 분류하여 변수간의 차이를 분석하였다. 1) 대상자의 평균 연령은 48.5세이며 대상자의 68.4%는 중년에 해당되었다. 나트륨관련해서 식사관리에 관한 관심도는 대상자의 54.8%가 '매우 관심 있다'고 답하였고, 나트륨관련 식생활정보는 주로 TV/라디오 (56.6%)를 통해서 얻고 있었다. 나트륨관련 영양교육을 1회 경험한 대상자가 가장 많았고 (49.7%), 영양교육의 내용으로는 '나트륨을 줄이는 조리 방법', '나트륨과 혈압의 관계', '나트륨과 질환의 관계' 순이었다. 2) 나트륨관련 영양 지식 총점은 평균 9.3점으로 행동단계군 (9.4점)은 행동전단계군 (9.2점)보다 점수가 조금 높았고 두 군 간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 문항별로 '영유아기의 나트륨 섭취의 중요성', '가공식품과 자연식품의 나트륨 함량 비교'에서 대상자들은 매우 높은 정답률을 보였고, '성인의 1일 나트륨 목표섭취량' (27.0%), '영양성분표의 나트륨 함량 산출' (30.3%)에서 정답률이 상당히 저조하였다. 3) 나트륨 저감화에 관한 식태도 총점은 39.6점으로 행동단계군 (40.3점)은 행동전단계군 (36.6점)보다 식태도가 긍정적이었다 (p < 0.001). 행동단계군은 식태도 항목 '음식은 싱겁게 먹어야 함', '짭짤한 맛이 좋음', '식사 시 국이나 찌개를 먹는 것을 좋아함', '식사 시 김치나 장아찌를 먹는 것을 좋아함', '국수, 라면 등 국물류를 좋아함'에서 행동전단계군과 유의적인 차이를 보였고 (p < 0.001), 행동전단계군보다 바람직한 식태도에는 더 동의하고, 바람직하지 않은 식태도에는 덜 동의하였다. 4) 대상자의 식행동 총점은 49.6점으로 행동단계군 (49.9점)은 행동전단계군 (48.5점)보다 식행동이 양호하였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 대부분의 식행동 항목에서 행동단계군은 행동전단계군보다 양호하였는데, 일반 식행동 중 '잡곡밥 먹기', '기름진 음식 먹기' (p < 0.05), 나트륨관련 식행동 중 '간장 등 양념장을 찍어먹는 음식 먹기', '짠 스낵 먹기', '가공식품류 먹기', '외식, 배달음식 먹기' (p < 0.01)에서 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 5) 나트륨 저감화 방법에 관한 자아효능감 총점은 평균 57.1점으로 행동단계군 (58.2점)은 행동전단계군 (52.5점)보다 자아효능감이 높았다 (p < 0.001). 행동단계군은 대부분의 방법에서 행동전단계군보다 자아효능감이 높았는데, 특히 '가공식품 피하기', '소금, MSG 대신 천연조미료 사용하기', '음식의 간은 조리를 마친 후 하기', '국그릇 크기 줄이기', '저염 양념장 만들어 사용하기' 방법에서는 두 군간에 큰 차이를 보였다 (p < 0.001). 6) 식태도는 식행동, 자아효능감과 양의 상관관계 (p < 0.001)를 식행동은 자아효능감과 양의 상관관계 (p < 0.001)를 나타내었고, 영양 지식은 식태도, 식행동, 자아효능감과 양의 상관관계를 보였으나 유의적이지 않았다. 7) 연구 결과 어린이집 조리종사자 대상의 나트륨 저감화 영양사업의 확대가 요구되며 영양교육 등 영양사업 시행 시 나트륨 저감화 행동변화단계별로 대상자를 구분하여 접근할 필요가 있다. 즉, 행동전단계 대상자에게는 나트륨 저감화 실천의 필요성을 인식시키고 태도 변화를 위해 동기 부여 요소를 활용하며 행동단계 대상자에게는 실천이 지속되도록 자기조절 방법, 실천 방법 등을 활용하면 좀 더 효과적일 것이다. 또한 가공식품 산업계에서는 나트륨 저감화 제품 개발이 더욱 활성화됨으로써 급식에 적용 가능한 나트륨 저감화 제품이 확대되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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