Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education (한국과학교육학회지)

The Korean Association for Science Education (한국과학교육학회)
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Understanding Female High School Students' Science-Related Career Choice and it's Change -Focus on the Science Career Cultural Capital Perspective-

일반계 여자고등학교 학생들의 과학관련 진로선택 및 변화 이해 -과학진로 문화자본 관점을 중심으로-

  • Received : 2016.11.24
  • Accepted : 2017.02.09
  • Published : 2017.02.28
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Abstract

This study seeks to explore high school students' changing attitudes toward science-related career choices with focus on the scientific career cultural capital perspective. We developed a questionnaire and surveyed female high school students. We used the survey results to explore the scientific career cultural capital factors and characteristics of the students who have chosen a science-related career. We selected twelve participants through science-related career choice type and then conducted in-depth interviews with them. Through the in-depth interviews, we explored how the factors of scientific career cultural capital affect the students' career choices. The result shows that the students developed internal resources through norms of obligation and reciprocity within the structure (family, school, community) based on external resources. The internal resources affected their science-related career choice. In elementary school, the students' interests in science and science-related occupations are the most influential in their choice of career directions. In high school, however, the students also considered career cognition, aptitude cognition, and career-value factors in their career choices. The interests in science were formed mainly due to education activity and daily-life activity. Over time, education activity's effect increased. The interests in science-related occupations were formed mainly due to daily-life activity during elementary school. In high school, the interests in science-related occupations formed due to diverse internal and external resources. Students who maintained a science-related career attracted external resources. Furthermore, they reinforced internal resources through interacting with various external resources. This study has implications for science education concerning students' science-related career choices.

본 연구에서는 과학진로 문화자본의 관점에서 일반계 고등학생들의 과학관련 진로선택 및 그 변화를 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 연구목적에 맞게 설문지를 개발하여 일반계 여자고등학교 학생을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였고, 과학관련 진로를 선택한 학생들의 과학진로 문화자본의 요인 및 특징을 알아보았다. 설문 결과 과학관련 진로의 포기, 중간 선택, 유지한 경우에서 각각 4명씩의 참여자를 선별하였고, 12명의 학생을 대상으로 심층면담을 실시하였다. 심층면담을 통해 과학진로 문화자본의 각 요인이 학생들의 진로 선택에 어떻게 영향을 주는지 알아보았다. 연구 결과, 학생들은 외재적 자원을 기반으로 가정, 학교, 지역사회라는 구조 안에서 의무 및 상호관계 규범을 통해 내재적 자원을 형성하였다. 이 때 형성된 내재적 자원은 과학관련 진로에 대한 희망 여부를 결정하였다. 초등학교 때는 주로 과학 및 과학관련 직업에 대한 흥미를 중요시 한 반면, 고등학교로 가면서 진로인식, 적성인식, 진로 가치 요인을 함께 고려하여 과학관련 진로를 선택하였다. 과학에 대한 흥미는 교육 활동과 일상 활동의 영향을 받아 형성되었으며 학년이 높아질수록 교육 활동의 영향이 증가하였다. 과학관련 직업에 대한 흥미는 초등학교 때는 주로 일상 활동을 통해 형성되며, 고등학교로 가면서 다양한 내재적, 외재적 자원이 영향을 주어 형성되었다. 과학관련 진로를 꾸준히 유지한 학생들은 과학 및 과학관련 직업에 대한 흥미를 바탕으로 외재적 자원을 유입시키면서 흥미를 갖는 과학 분야를 좀 더 세분화하고 과학관련 진로를 구체화하였으며, 다양한 외재적 자원과 상호작용하여 내재적 자원을 강화하는 모습을 보여주었다. 본 연구결과는 학생들의 과학관련 진로선택에 있어 과학교육에 시사점을 제공한다.

Keywords

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